---
title: According to the passage, by what means did the bull-calf instruct t… — Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Ca… · tree and pragmatics
description: According to the passage, by what means did the bull-calf instruct the boy to protect himself while the combat took place? Exam question 1 of lesson 260 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Calf, part 27: the calf dies, the boy finds a princess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the
---

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# Exam question 1 · Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Calf, part 27: the cal…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
According to the passage, by what means did the bull-calf instruct the boy to protect himself while the combat took place?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** bull calf, combat · **What happens:** accord, mean, instruct, protect, take · **To what, where:** passage, boy, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 260 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Calf, part 27: the calf dies, the boy finds a princess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/260-pg14241-part27/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:260-pg14241-part27:e1:1
# text = According to the passage, by what means did the bull-calf instruct the boy to protect himself while the combat took place?
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	instruct	instruct	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
24	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the passage *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to passage=Goal |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **instruct** *speech: other* | past · do-support | the bull calf |  | the boy |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient |
| 4 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the bull calf *not said here* | boy |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **take** | past | the combat | place |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By climbing a tree, where only monkeys could approach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:260-pg14241-part27:e1:o1:1
# text = By climbing a tree, where only monkeys could approach
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund | monkeys *not said here* | a tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **approach** | could | monkeys |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By climbing a tree and waiting there until the dragon had fully gone away

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:260-pg14241-part27:e1:o2:1
# text = By climbing a tree and waiting there until the dragon had fully gone away
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund |  | a tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **wait** | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go away** | past · perfect | the dragon |  |  |  |  | away, fully *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By climbing a rock, where only dragons could reach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:260-pg14241-part27:e1:o3:1
# text = By climbing a rock, where only dragons could reach
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund |  | a rock |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location rock=Theme |
| 2 | **reach** | could | dragons |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By climbing a tall tree, where only monkeys could approach him safely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:260-pg14241-part27:e1:o4:1
# text = By climbing a tall tree, where only monkeys could approach him safely
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund | monkeys *not said here* | a tall tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **approach** | could | monkeys | him *= he* |  |  |  | safely *property* | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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