---
title: Explain why the princess concluded that Jack must not be beheaded, a… — English Fairy Tales, Princess of Cante… · tree and pragmatics
description: Explain why the princess concluded that Jack must not be beheaded, as stated in the passage. Exam question 4 of lesson 266 «English Fairy Tales, Princess of Canterbury: Jack wins the princess with an egg, a stick, a nut and fish» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree
---

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# Exam question 4 · English Fairy Tales, Princess of Canterbury: Jack wins the…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explain why the princess concluded that Jack must not be beheaded, as stated in the passage.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, princess · **What happens:** explain, conclude, not behead, state · **To what, where:** Jack, passage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 266 «English Fairy Tales, Princess of Canterbury: Jack wins the princess with an egg, a stick, a nut and fish» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/266-pg14241-part33/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:266-pg14241-part33:e4:1
# text = Explain why the princess concluded that Jack must not be beheaded, as stated in the passage.
1	Explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	concluded	conclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	beheaded	behead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **conclude** | past | the princess |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **behead** | must · passive |  | Jack |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  | the passage |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had answered her three questions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:266-pg14241-part33:e4:o1:1
# text = He had answered her three questions
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | He | three questions | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent she=Theme question=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had been fishing in the hall all night, so the king could not behead him for sleeping

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:266-pg14241-part33:e4:o2:1
# text = He had been fishing in the hall all night, so the king could not behead him for sleeping
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	behead	behead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	sleeping	sleeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | He | fishing |  | the hall  all night |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **behead** | could | the king | him *= he* |  |  |  | for sleeping | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had been fishing in the hall all night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:266-pg14241-part33:e4:o3:1
# text = He had been fishing in the hall all night
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | He | fishing |  | the hall | night |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had been fishing in the hall all night and had caught several fish to show the king

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:266-pg14241-part33:e4:o4:1
# text = He had been fishing in the hall all night and had caught several fish to show the king
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	appos	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | He | fishing |  | the hall |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past · perfect | He *not said here* | several fish |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  | the king |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent king=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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