---
title: Which of the following correctly states the reason the clerk gives f… — Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following correctly states the reason the clerk gives for his wish to become a lark? Exam question 3 of lesson 282 «Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 9: the clerk dreams he is a lark, is caught by a sailor-boy and is sold to two schoolboys» of the books course of Mova's prima
---

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# Exam question 3 · Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 9: the clerk…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following correctly states the reason the clerk gives for his wish to become a lark?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** clerk · **What happens:** follow, state, give, become, wish · **To what, where:** reason, lark

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 282 «Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 9: the clerk dreams he is a lark, is caught by a sailor-boy and is sold to two schoolboys» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/282-pg1597-part9/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:282-pg1597-part9:e3:1
# text = Which of the following correctly states the reason the clerk gives for his wish to become a lark?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
5	correctly	correctly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	states	state	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	clerk	clerk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	lark	lark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **state** *speech: other* | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | correctly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 3 | **give** | present | the clerk | the reason *not said here* |  |  |  | for clerk's wish | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for wish=Asset |
| 4 | **become** | to-infinitive | the clerk *not said here* | a lark |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **wish** |  | clerk |  |  |  |  |  | nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark, since poets are never truly happy in the city

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:282-pg1597-part9:e3:o1:1
# text = He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark, since poets are never truly happy in the city
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	exchange	exchange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lark	lark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	poets	poet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **exchange** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his nature |  |  |  | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | poets |  |  | the city |  | happy, truly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark so he can fly above the city and forget his office

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:282-pg1597-part9:e3:o2:1
# text = He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark so he can fly above the city and forget his office
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	exchange	exchange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lark	lark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
18	above	above	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	forget	forget	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **exchange** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his nature |  |  |  | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | can | he |  |  | the city |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent above city=Location |
| 4 | **forget** | infinitive | he *not said here* | his office |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wants to trade his nature for a sparrow's happy song

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:282-pg1597-part9:e3:o3:1
# text = He wants to trade his nature for a sparrow's happy song
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	trade	trade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **trade** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his nature |  |  |  | for a sparrow's happy song | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for song=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **sing** |  | a sparrow |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:282-pg1597-part9:e3:o4:1
# text = He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	exchange	exchange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lark	lark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **exchange** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his nature |  |  |  | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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