---
title: Describe the function of the apothegm attributed to Solon within the… — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Galoshes o… · tree and pragmatics
description: Describe the function of the apothegm attributed to Solon within the passage. Exam question 4 of lesson 284 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Galoshes of Fortune: the young man dies and Care takes the galoshes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Exam question 4 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Galoshes of Fortune: the young…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describe the function of the apothegm attributed to Solon within the passage.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** describe, attribute · **To what, where:** function, apothegm, Solon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 284 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Galoshes of Fortune: the young man dies and Care takes the galoshes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/284-pg1597-part11/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:284-pg1597-part11:e4:1
# text = Describe the function of the apothegm attributed to Solon within the passage.
1	Describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	apothegm	apothegm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Solon	Solon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | imperative | you *not said here* | the function of the apothegm |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme |
| 2 | **attribute** | participle |  | the apothegm *not said here* | Solon |  |  | within the passage | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It affirms the wisdom of the old saying, proved by the young man's death

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:284-pg1597-part11:e4:o1:1
# text = It affirms the wisdom of the old saying, proved by the young man's death
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	affirms	affirm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affirm** | present | It | the wisdom of the old saying |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wisdom=Stimulus |
| 2 | **prove** | participle |  | the old saying *not said here* |  |  |  | by the young man's death | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **die** |  | the young man |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It introduces the arrival of the Fir Tree story

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:284-pg1597-part11:e4:o2:1
# text = It introduces the arrival of the Fir Tree story
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	introduces	introduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	Fir	Fir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Tree	Tree	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | present | It | the arrival of the Tree story |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrival=Patient |
| 2 | **arrive** |  | the Tree story |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It explains the chemistry of the galoshes' enchantment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:284-pg1597-part11:e4:o3:1
# text = It explains the chemistry of the galoshes' enchantment
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	galoshes	galosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	enchantment	enchantment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | It | the chemistry of the galoshes's enchantment |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemistry=Topic |
| 2 | **enchant** |  | the galoshes |  |  |  |  |  | nom enchantment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It mocks the travellers for their complaints about the inn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:284-pg1597-part11:e4:o4:1
# text = It mocks the travellers for their complaints about the inn
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mocks	mock	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	complaints	complaint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mock** | present | It | the travellers |  |  |  | for travellers's complaints about the inn | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent traveller=Theme for complaint=Attribute |
| 2 | **complain** |  | travellers *= traveller* |  |  |  |  | about the inn | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent about=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Galoshes o…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/284-pg1597-part11/e3/)
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