---
title: It is given that the boats were found unused. State the inference dr… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that the boats were found unused. State the inference drawn therefrom by the Rat. Exam question 4 of lesson 29 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that the boats were found unused. State the inference drawn therefrom by the Rat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, find, state, draw · **To what, where:** It, boats, inference

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 29 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that the boats were found unused.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:1
# text = It is given that the boats were found unused.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	unused	unused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive |  | the boats |  |  |  | unused *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the inference drawn therefrom by the Rat.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:2
# text = State the inference drawn therefrom by the Rat.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	inference	inference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	therefrom	therefrom	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the inference |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent inference=Topic |
| 2 | **draw** | participle |  | the inference *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Rat; therefrom *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad had gone away and would not return home for many weeks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:o1:1
# text = That Toad had gone away and would not return home for many weeks
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	home	home	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go away** | past · perfect | that Toad |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **return** | would | that Toad *not said here* |  |  |  | week | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That boating was «played out» and Toad had taken up a new fad, which is why the boats lie idle in the boat-house

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:o2:1
# text = That boating was «played out» and Toad had taken up a new fad, which is why the boats lie idle in the boat-house
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	boating	boating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	fad	fad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl:relcl	_	_
23	idle	idle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play out** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | that boating |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **take up** | past · perfect | Toad | a new fad |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fad=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | a new fad |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lie** | present | the boats |  |  | the boat house |  | idle *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in house=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad was tired and had gone to bed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:o3:1
# text = That Toad was tired and had gone to bed
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | that Toad |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past · perfect | that Toad *not said here* |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That boating was «played out» and Toad had taken up a new fad

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall:e4:o4:1
# text = That boating was «played out» and Toad had taken up a new fad
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	boating	boating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	fad	fad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play out** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | that boating |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **take up** | past · perfect | Toad | a new fad |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fad=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/e3/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/30-willows-ch2-part2-the-canary-coloured-cart/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/)