---
title: the dude said he was old shadow, was he joking? — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: the dude said he was old shadow, was he joking? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 303 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 30: the lost shadow comes back as a rich, fine gentleman» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 30: the lost shad…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the dude said he was old shadow, was he joking?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dude · **What happens:** say, be, joke · **To what, where:** old shadow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 303 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 30: the lost shadow comes back as a rich, fine gentleman» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/303-pg1597-part30/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:303-pg1597-part30:t11:1
# text = the dude said he was old shadow, was he joking?
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the dude |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | dude | old shadow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **joke** *speech: other* | past · progressive | dude |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nah, he was the shadow, now with a body and a fancy coat

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:303-pg1597-part30:t11:o1:1
# text = nah, he was the shadow, now with a body and a fancy coat
1	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fancy	fancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | the shadow and a body and a fancy coat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
yeah, he was just a guy messing around

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:303-pg1597-part30:t11:o2:1
# text = yeah, he was just a guy messing around
1	yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	messing	mess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	around	around	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | a guy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mess around** | gerund | a guy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | around *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nah, he was the shadow, now with a body, and he was dead serious about it all

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:303-pg1597-part30:t11:o3:1
# text = nah, he was the shadow, now with a body, and he was dead serious about it all
1	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | the shadow and a body |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | about body; serious *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nah, he was the shadow, now with a body

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:303-pg1597-part30:t11:o4:1
# text = nah, he was the shadow, now with a body
1	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | the shadow and a body |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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