---
title: Cringe or nah: what does "betrothed" mean, the thing the shadow wants? — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cringe or nah: what does "betrothed" mean, the thing the shadow wants? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 304 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 31: the shadow returns as a fine gentleman and boasts of what he saw» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of th
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 31: the shadow re…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cringe or nah: what does "betrothed" mean, the thing the shadow wants?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Cringe, shadow · **What happens:** betroth, mean, want · **To what, where:** Cringe, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 304 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 31: the shadow returns as a fine gentleman and boasts of what he saw» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/304-pg1597-part31/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:304-pg1597-part31:t11:1
# text = Cringe or nah: what does "betrothed" mean, the thing the shadow wants?
1	Cringe	cringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	betrothed	betroth	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **betroth** *in a quote* | present · do-support |  | Cringe |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Cringe | the thing |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 3 | **want** | present | the shadow | the thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wedded to a rich old man

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:304-pg1597-part31:t11:o1:1
# text = Wedded to a rich old man
1	Wedded	wed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a rich old man | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent to man=Co-Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Engaged to be married, which is what the shadow hoped Poesy would one day agree to

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:304-pg1597-part31:t11:o2:1
# text = Engaged to be married, which is what the shadow hoped Poesy would one day agree to
1	Engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	1	parataxis	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hoped	hope	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	Poesy	poesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	agree	agree	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **marry** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **hope** | past | the shadow |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **agree** *speech: agree* | would | Poesy |  |  |  | day |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Engaged to be married to a lady of high rank and wealth in the town

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:304-pg1597-part31:t11:o3:1
# text = Engaged to be married to a lady of high rank and wealth in the town
1	Engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **marry** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | to a lady of high rank in the town and wealth | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: to lady=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Engaged to be married

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:304-pg1597-part31:t11:o4:1
# text = Engaged to be married
1	Engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **marry** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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