---
title: What did Mr. Darling state was the cause of the family's misfortune? — Peter Pan, The Shadow, part 3: Mrs. Da… · tree and pragmatics
description: What did Mr. Darling state was the cause of the family's misfortune? Exam question 4 of lesson 312 «Peter Pan, The Shadow, part 3: Mrs. Darling rolls up the shadow, and the parents blame themselves for that Friday» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Exam question 4 · Peter Pan, The Shadow, part 3: Mrs. Darling rolls up the s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What did Mr. Darling state was the cause of the family's misfortune?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Darling state · **What happens:** do, be · **To what, where:** Mr., cause

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 312 «Peter Pan, The Shadow, part 3: Mrs. Darling rolls up the shadow, and the parents blame themselves for that Friday» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/312-pg16-part3/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:312-pg16-part3:e4:1
# text = What did Mr. Darling state was the cause of the family's misfortune?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	Darling	darling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | Mr. |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mr.=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Darling state | the cause |  |  |  | of the family's misfortune | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the bad weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:312-pg16-part3:e4:o1:1
# text = the bad weather
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
his tie and the late dinner

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:312-pg16-part3:e4:o2:1
# text = his tie and the late dinner
1	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tie	tie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the dog who had been left in the nursery

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:312-pg16-part3:e4:o3:1
# text = the dog who had been left in the nursery
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nursery	nursery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect · passive |  | the dog |  | the nursery |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in nursery=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
his own act of pouring medicine into Nana's bowl

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:312-pg16-part3:e4:o4:1
# text = his own act of pouring medicine into Nana's bowl
1	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pouring	pour	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Nana	Nana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | gerund | his own act *not said here* | medicine |  | Nana's bowl |  |  | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme into bowl=Destination |
| 2 | **act** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom act «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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