---
title: Identify the immediate cause of the overturning of the canary-colour… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the immediate cause of the overturning of the canary-coloured cart. Exam question 1 of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics o
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the immediate cause of the overturning of the canary-coloured cart.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, immediate cause · **What happens:** identify, overturn · **To what, where:** immediate cause

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:e1:1
# text = Identify the immediate cause of the overturning of the canary-coloured cart.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	overturning	overturn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the immediate cause |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **overturn** | gerund | the immediate cause *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the coloured cart | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse ran off in fright

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:e1:o1:1
# text = The horse ran off in fright
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run off** | past | the horse |  |  | fright |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fright=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The terror of the horse occasioned by the passing motor-car

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:e1:o2:1
# text = The terror of the horse occasioned by the passing motor-car
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	occasioned	occasion	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
10	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occasion** | participle |  | the terror of the horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cart's wheel hit a deep stone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:e1:o3:1
# text = The cart's wheel hit a deep stone
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | the cart's wheel | a deep stone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stone=Co-Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loose wheel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:e1:o4:1
# text = A loose wheel
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, test 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/t16/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/)