---
title: The Rat says Toad is «possessed». Has the Rat seen this before? — The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Rat says Toad is «possessed». Has the Rat seen this before? Test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Test 4 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat says Toad is «possessed». Has the Rat seen this before?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Rat · **What happens:** say, possess, see · **To what, where:** Toad, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Rat says Toad is «possessed».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:1
# text = The Rat says Toad is «possessed».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **possess** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Toad |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Has the Rat seen this before?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:2
# text = Has the Rat seen this before?
1	Has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | the Rat | this |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the Rat has never seen Toad so dreadful before, not with boats or caravans at all

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:o1:1
# text = No, the Rat has never seen Toad so dreadful before, not with boats or caravans at all
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
11	before	before	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	caravans	caravan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | the Rat | Toad |  |  |  | with boats at all or caravans; before, dreadful *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toad=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it always takes him that way, and the Mole should have expected it by now

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:o2:1
# text = Yes, it always takes him that way, and the Mole should have expected it by now
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux	_	_
15	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | it |  | him *= he* |  |  | that way *obl*; always *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |
| 2 | **expect** | should · perfect · passive |  | the Mole |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme it=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, last year with the caravan

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:o3:1
# text = Yes, last year with the caravan
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes — «it always takes him that way»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze:t4:o4:1
# text = Yes — «it always takes him that way»
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	_
2	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | present | it |  | him *= he* |  |  | that way *obl*; always *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/t3/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/t5/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/32-willows-ch2-part4-the-wreck-and-the-new-craze/)