---
title: It is given that snow had fallen. Identify the principal difficulty… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter III,… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that snow had fallen. Identify the principal difficulty which it occasioned. Exam question 4 of lesson 35 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 3: The Wild Wood (the Rat finds the Mole, and the snow comes)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 3: The Wild Woo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that snow had fallen. Identify the principal difficulty which it occasioned.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** snow, you, principal difficulty · **What happens:** give, fall, identify, occasion · **To what, where:** It, principal difficulty

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 35 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 3: The Wild Wood (the Rat finds the Mole, and the snow comes)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that snow had fallen.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:1
# text = It is given that snow had fallen.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | past · perfect | that snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the principal difficulty which it occasioned.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:2
# text = Identify the principal difficulty which it occasioned.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	occasioned	occasion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal difficulty |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent difficulty=Theme |
| 2 | **occasion** | past | the principal difficulty |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It concealed every landmark, so that the Rat knew not where they were

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:o1:1
# text = It concealed every landmark, so that the Rat knew not where they were
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	landmark	landmark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	ccomp	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | past | It | every landmark |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent landmark=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **know** | past | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | they |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It hid every path, every tree and every stone, so the Mole and Rat wandered helplessly in circles all night

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:o2:1
# text = It hid every path, every tree and every stone, so the Mole and Rat wandered helplessly in circles all night
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	wandered	wander	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	helplessly	helplessly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	circles	circle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | It | every path |  |  | night |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Patient |
| 2 | **wander** | past | the Mole and Rat |  |  | circles |  | helplessly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circle=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It concealed every landmark and froze the stream, so that the Rat could not tell which way led home at all

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:o3:1
# text = It concealed every landmark and froze the stream, so that the Rat could not tell which way led home at all
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	landmark	landmark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	18	det	_	_
18	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	home	home	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | past | It | every landmark |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent landmark=Patient |
| 2 | **freeze** | past |  | the stream |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient stream=Result |
| 3 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | could | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **lead** | past | which way |  |  | all |  | home *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at all=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It made the wood look pretty but also very hard to cross

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood:e4:o4:1
# text = It made the wood look pretty but also very hard to cross
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | the wood |  |  |  |  | pretty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter III,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood/e3/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter III,…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/36-willows-ch3-part4-the-door-scraper/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 3: The Wild Wood (the Rat finds the Mole, and the snow comes)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/35-willows-ch3-part3-snow-in-the-wild-wood/)