---
title: Which reason does Regulus give for returning to the prison in Cartha… — Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which reason does Regulus give for returning to the prison in Carthage? Exam question 1 of lesson 351 «Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a runaway slave befriends a lion and wins his freedom in Rome» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 1 · Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a runaway slave befri…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which reason does Regulus give for returning to the prison in Carthage?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** reason · **What happens:** give, return · **To what, where:** Carthage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 351 «Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a runaway slave befriends a lion and wins his freedom in Rome» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/351-pg18442-part11/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:351-pg18442-part11:e1:1
# text = Which reason does Regulus give for returning to the prison in Carthage?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:outer	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	Regulus	Regulus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	returning	return	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · do-support | which reason |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **return** | gerund | which reason *not said here* |  |  | Carthage |  | to the prison *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to prison=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had given his word, and a Roman must keep it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:351-pg18442-part11:e1:o1:1
# text = He had given his word, and a Roman must keep it
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Roman	roman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient word=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | must | a Roman | word |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **word** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had sworn, and Romans must honor oaths

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:351-pg18442-part11:e1:o2:1
# text = He had sworn, and Romans must honor oaths
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	honor	honor	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	oaths	oath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past · perfect | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **honor** | must | Romans | oaths |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The senate had ordered him back, and he had given his word to the Carthaginian generals as well

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:351-pg18442-part11:e1:o3:1
# text = The senate had ordered him back, and he had given his word to the Carthaginian generals as well
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	senate	senate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	ordered	order	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Carthaginian	Carthaginian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	generals	general	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
18	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	17	advmod	_	_
19	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order back** | past · perfect | the senate |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | senate |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient word=Theme |
| 3 | **general** | present | the Carthaginian |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **word** |  | senate |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was bound by law to go back there

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:351-pg18442-part11:e1:o4:1
# text = He was bound by law to go back there
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	bound	bind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bind** | past · passive | law | He |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go back** | to-infinitive | law *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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