---
title: Which of the following describes the conduct of Damon toward his fri… — Tales of Honor, Damon and Pythias: a f… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following describes the conduct of Damon toward his friend Pythias? Exam question 1 of lesson 353 «Tales of Honor, Damon and Pythias: a friend offers to take his friend's place in prison» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questi
---

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# Exam question 1 · Tales of Honor, Damon and Pythias: a friend offers to take…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following describes the conduct of Damon toward his friend Pythias?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, describe, conduct · **To what, where:** conduct, Damon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 353 «Tales of Honor, Damon and Pythias: a friend offers to take his friend's place in prison» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/353-pg18442-part13/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:353-pg18442-part13:e1:1
# text = Which of the following describes the conduct of Damon toward his friend Pythias?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Damon	Damon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	Pythias	Pythias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | the conduct of Damon |  |  |  | toward Damon's friend | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent conduct=Theme |
| 3 | **conduct** |  |  | Damon |  |  |  | toward Damon's friend | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient toward=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He offered to die in his friend's place and begged the tyrant to spare the friend

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:353-pg18442-part13:e1:o1:1
# text = He offered to die in his friend's place and begged the tyrant to spare the friend
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	begged	beg	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	spare	spare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in his friend's place | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Attribute |
| 3 | **beg** *speech: request* | past | He *not said here* | the tyrant |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent tyrant=Recipient |
| 4 | **spare** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the friend |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent friend=Asset |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pleaded for his friend's release

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:353-pg18442-part13:e1:o2:1
# text = He pleaded for his friend's release
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pleaded	plead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	release	release	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plead** *speech: request* | past | He |  |  |  |  | for his friend's release | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He offered to die in his friend's place and promised to pay all the debts owed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:353-pg18442-part13:e1:o3:1
# text = He offered to die in his friend's place and promised to pay all the debts owed
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	debts	debt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	owed	owe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in his friend's place | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Attribute |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | all debts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **owe** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He offered to die in his friend's place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:353-pg18442-part13:e1:o4:1
# text = He offered to die in his friend's place
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in his friend's place | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Attribute |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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