---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hedgehogs' reason for their presence at the Badger's residence? Exam question 3 of lesson 38 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course 
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (b…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hedgehogs' reason for their presence at the Badger's residence?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 38 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hedgehogs' reason for their presence at the Badger's residence?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	residence	residence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hedgehogs's reason |  |  |  | of the following statements; for hedgehogs's presence at the Badger's residence; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having lost their way to school in the snow, they sought shelter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs:e3:o1:1
# text = Having lost their way to school in the snow, they sought shelter
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | they *not said here* | their lost way |  | the snow |  | to school | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **seek** | past | they | shelter |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having lost their way to school in the snow, and frightened by the cold, they sought shelter and warmth

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs:e3:o2:1
# text = Having lost their way to school in the snow, and frightened by the cold, they sought shelter and warmth
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund · perfect |  | their way |  | the snow |  | to school | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |
| 2 | **frighten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by the cold | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **seek** | past | they | shelter and warmth |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had been sent by their mother to find Toad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs:e3:o3:1
# text = They had been sent by their mother to find Toad
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · perfect · passive | their mother | They |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | their mother *not said here* | Toad |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Topic |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were sent out by the Mole to find the Rat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs:e3:o4:1
# text = They were sent out by the Mole to find the Rat
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send out** | past · passive | the Mole | They |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | the Mole *not said here* | the Rat |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/e2/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/e4/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/)