---
title: Identify the principal ground upon which the Otter concluded that th… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal ground upon which the Otter concluded that the missing animals were to be found at the Badger's residence. Exam question 1 of lesson 39 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (the Otter comes through the snow, and the best home is underground)» of the books c
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal ground upon which the Otter concluded that the missing animals were to be found at the Badger's residence.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Otter · **What happens:** identify, conclude, find · **To what, where:** principal ground, missing animals, residence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 39 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (the Otter comes through the snow, and the best home is underground)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal ground upon which the Otter concluded that the missing animals were to be found at the Badger's residence.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Otter	Otter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	concluded	conclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	residence	residence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal ground |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |
| 2 | **conclude** | past | the Otter |  |  |  |  | upon the principal ground | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | past · passive |  | the missing animals |  | the Badger's residence |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at residence=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole's footprints.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes:e1:o1:1
# text = Mole's footprints.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The general habit of animals in difficulty to resort to the Badger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes:e1:o2:1
# text = The general habit of animals in difficulty to resort to the Badger
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	resort	resort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resort** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to the Badger *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to badger=Result |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits had seen them walk that way

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes:e1:o3:1
# text = Rabbits had seen them walk that way
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | Rabbits | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | that way |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hedgehogs told him where they were

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes:e1:o4:1
# text = The hedgehogs told him where they were
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	3	ccomp	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the hedgehogs |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | hedgehogs *= hedgehog* |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, test 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes/t17/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (the Otter comes through the snow, and the best home is underground)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/39-willows-ch4-part3-the-otter-and-underground-homes/)