---
title: In the fable of the Truth and the Traveler, what reason does Truth g… — Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull,… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the fable of the Truth and the Traveler, what reason does Truth give for dwelling alone in the wilderness? Exam question 2 of lesson 403 «Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull, part 24: a gnat, a camel, dogs, a jackdaw and a workman each get a short lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary s
---

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# Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull, part 24: a gnat, a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fable of the Truth and the Traveler, what reason does Truth give for dwelling alone in the wilderness?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Truth · **What happens:** give, dwell · **To what, where:** fable, wilderness

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 403 «Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull, part 24: a gnat, a camel, dogs, a jackdaw and a workman each get a short lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/403-pg21-part24/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:403-pg21-part24:e2:1
# text = In the fable of the Truth and the Traveler, what reason does Truth give for dwelling alone in the wilderness?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Truth	Truth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Traveler	Traveler	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	Truth	Truth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	dwelling	dwell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · do-support | Truth |  |  | the fable of the Truth and the Traveler |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **dwell** | gerund | Truth *not said here* |  |  | the wilderness |  | alone *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wilderness=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
all men have turned to lies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:403-pg21-part24:e2:o1:1
# text = all men have turned to lies
1	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present · perfect | all men |  |  | lies |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to lie=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
falsehood is now with all men, and no one will believe her when she speaks the truth

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:403-pg21-part24:e2:o2:1
# text = falsehood is now with all men, and no one will believe her when she speaks the truth
1	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | falsehood |  |  |  | now | with all men | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | future | no one | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | she | the truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
falsehood is now with all men

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:403-pg21-part24:e2:o3:1
# text = falsehood is now with all men
1	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | falsehood |  |  |  | now | with all men | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
she was driven from the cities by the lying priests and has no friends left in the world at all

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:403-pg21-part24:e2:o4:1
# text = she was driven from the cities by the lying priests and has no friends left in the world at all
1	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · passive | the lying priests | she |  | the cities |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from city=Trajectory |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | the lying priests *not said here* | no friends |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 4 | **leave** | participle |  | no friends *not said here* |  |  |  | in the world *result*; at all | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in world=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/403-pg21-part24/e1/)
- next →: [Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/403-pg21-part24/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Aesop's Fables, The Gnat and the Bull, part 24: a gnat, a camel, dogs, a jackdaw and a workman each get a short lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/403-pg21-part24/)