---
title: What, in the view of the narrator, is the principal cause of the Dev… — Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard… · tree and pragmatics
description: What, in the view of the narrator, is the principal cause of the Devil's gratitude toward Petrusha? Exam question 1 of lesson 416 «Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard, part 8: Petrusha visits the Devil's palace and finds his drowned father there as a horse» of the books course of Mova's primary s
---

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# Exam question 1 · Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard, part 8: Petrusha v…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What, in the view of the narrator, is the principal cause of the Devil's gratitude toward Petrusha?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** be, view · **To what, where:** principal cause, narrator

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 416 «Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard, part 8: Petrusha visits the Devil's palace and finds his drowned father there as a horse» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/416-pg22373-part8/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:416-pg22373-part8:e1:1
# text = What, in the view of the narrator, is the principal cause of the Devil's gratitude toward Petrusha?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	narrator	narrator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Devil	Devil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Petrusha	Petrusha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the principal cause |  |  |  | of the Devil's gratitude toward Petrusha | tree rules |
| 2 | **view** |  |  | the narrator |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gold that Petrusha offered the Devil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:416-pg22373-part8:e1:o1:1
# text = The gold that Petrusha offered the Devil
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	obj	_	_
4	Petrusha	Petrusha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Devil	Devil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | Petrusha | the gold |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent that=Goal devil=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sin that Petrusha confessed to him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:416-pg22373-part8:e1:o2:1
# text = The sin that Petrusha confessed to him
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	Petrusha	Petrusha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	confessed	confess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confess** | past | Petrusha | the sin *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sin=Topic to he=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The good word that Petrusha spoke on his behalf before the court of hell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:416-pg22373-part8:e1:o3:1
# text = The good word that Petrusha spoke on his behalf before the court of hell
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	Petrusha	Petrusha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	behalf	behalf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Petrusha | the good word |  | Petrusha's behalf | before the court of hell |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The good word that Petrusha spoke on his behalf

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:416-pg22373-part8:e1:o4:1
# text = The good word that Petrusha spoke on his behalf
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	Petrusha	Petrusha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	behalf	behalf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Petrusha | the good word |  | Petrusha's behalf |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/416-pg22373-part8/t13/)
- next →: [Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/416-pg22373-part8/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Russian Folk Tales, The Awful Drunkard, part 8: Petrusha visits the Devil's palace and finds his drowned father there as a horse](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/416-pg22373-part8/)