---
title: Which assertion does the author make concerning the jokes of the Rus… — Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the D… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which assertion does the author make concerning the jokes of the Russian facetious tales? Exam question 4 of lesson 417 «Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the Devil: the horse turns out to be his father» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 4 · Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the Devil: the horse turn…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which assertion does the author make concerning the jokes of the Russian facetious tales?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** assertion, author, Russian facetious tales · **What happens:** do, make, concern, joke · **To what, where:** jokes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 417 «Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the Devil: the horse turns out to be his father» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/417-pg22373-part9/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:417-pg22373-part9:e4:1
# text = Which assertion does the author make concerning the jokes of the Russian facetious tales?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	facetious	facetious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | which assertion |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | the author |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the author *not said here* | the jokes of the Russian facetious tales |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus joke=Experiencer |
| 4 | **joke** |  | the Russian facetious tales |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were invented in France alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:417-pg22373-part9:e4:o1:1
# text = They were invented in France alone.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | They |  | France |  | alone *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are for the most part common to all Europe and to Asia as well.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:417-pg22373-part9:e4:o2:1
# text = They are for the most part common to all Europe and to Asia as well.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	7	advmod	_	_
15	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | for the most part | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are for the most part common to all Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:417-pg22373-part9:e4:o3:1
# text = They are for the most part common to all Europe.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | for the most part | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are for the most part found only in the Skazkas of the northern peasants.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:417-pg22373-part9:e4:o4:1
# text = They are for the most part found only in the Skazkas of the northern peasants.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Skazkas	Skazkas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | for the most part | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle | the most part *not said here* | the Skazkas of the northern peasants |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skazkas=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the D…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/417-pg22373-part9/e3/)
- next →: [Russian Folk-Tales, The Bad Wife: a pe…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/418-pg22373-part10/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Russian Folk-Tales, Petrusha and the Devil: the horse turns out to be his father](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/417-pg22373-part9/)