---
title: Arjun: «the Rat just does the needful and opens the tin, innit.» (do… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter V, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Arjun: «the Rat just does the needful and opens the tin, innit.» (do the needful = do what's necessary) But first, how did he even know there were sardines? Test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter V, part 3: Dulce Domum (a dusty home, a sardine supper, and voices outside)» of the
---

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# Test 5 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter V, part 3: Dulce Domum (a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arjun: «the Rat just does the needful and opens the tin, innit.» (do the needful = do what's necessary) But first, how did he even know there were sardines?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Rat, you, sardines · **What happens:** do, open, be, know · **To what, where:** needful, tin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter V, part 3: Dulce Domum (a dusty home, a sardine supper, and voices outside)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Arjun: «the Rat just does the needful and opens the tin, innit.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:1
# text = Arjun: «the Rat just does the needful and opens the tin, innit.»
1	Arjun	Arjun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	needful	needful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	innit	innit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | present | the Rat | the needful |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needful=Eventuality |
| 2 | **open** *in a quote* | present | the Rat *not said here* | the tin and innit |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tin=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (do the needful = do what's necessary) But first, how did he even know there were sardines?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:2
# text = (do the needful = do what's necessary) But first, how did he even know there were sardines?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	needful	needful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	9	punct	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
20	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
21	sardines	sardine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | the needful |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needful=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | past · do-support | Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **be** | past | sardines |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He heard the Mole mention them earlier while he was cleaning the whole house

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:o1:1
# text = He heard the Mole mention them earlier while he was cleaning the whole house
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Mole	mole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	mention	mention	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | He | the Mole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mention** *speech: other* | infinitive | the Mole *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | early *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 3 | **clean** | past · progressive | he | the whole house |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He tasted the air in the kitchen and found a tin marked with a label

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:o2:1
# text = He tasted the air in the kitchen and found a tin marked with a label
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tasted	taste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | past | He | the air |  | the kitchen |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent air=Theme in kitchen=Location |
| 2 | **find** | past | He *not said here* | a tin |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tin=Topic |
| 3 | **mark** | participle |  | a tin *not said here* |  |  |  | with a label | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with label=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He remembered the tin from when Toad visited

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:o3:1
# text = He remembered the tin from when Toad visited
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | past | He | the tin |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent tin=Theme |
| 2 | **visit** | past | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He saw a sardine-opener and worked it out

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:43-willows-ch5-part3-sardines-and-carol-singers:t5:o4:1
# text = He saw a sardine-opener and worked it out
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	sardine	sardine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	opener	opener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | He | a sardine opener |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer opener=Stimulus |
| 2 | **work out** | past | He *not said here* | opener |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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