---
title: yo so the witch just kept gnawing that oak like nonstop, no cap? — Russian Folk-Tales, Ivashko: swans and… · tree and pragmatics
description: yo so the witch just kept gnawing that oak like nonstop, no cap? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 445 «Russian Folk-Tales, Ivashko: swans and geese carry Ivashko home to his parents» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Russian Folk-Tales, Ivashko: swans and geese carry Ivashko…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
yo so the witch just kept gnawing that oak like nonstop, no cap?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** yo · **What happens:** keep, gnaw · **To what, where:** oak

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 445 «Russian Folk-Tales, Ivashko: swans and geese carry Ivashko home to his parents» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/445-pg22373-part37/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:445-pg22373-part37:t1:1
# text = yo so the witch just kept gnawing that oak like nonstop, no cap?
1	yo	yo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	gnawing	gnaw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	nonstop	nonstop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | yo so the witch |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gnaw** | gerund | yo so the witch *not said here* | oak and no cap |  |  |  | like nonstop | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oak=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, she gnawed till she broke two teeth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:445-pg22373-part37:t1:o1:1
# text = Yeah, she gnawed till she broke two teeth
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnaw** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past | she | two teeth |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tooth=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, she stopped and rested a bit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:445-pg22373-part37:t1:o2:1
# text = Nah, she stopped and rested a bit
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rested	rest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rest** | past | she *not said here* | a bit |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, she gnawed the oak nonstop all day long until her teeth were broken and she was furious

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:445-pg22373-part37:t1:o3:1
# text = Yeah, she gnawed the oak nonstop all day long until her teeth were broken and she was furious
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	nonstop	nonstop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	furious	furious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnaw** | past | she | the oak nonstop |  |  | day | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past · passive |  | her teeth |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | furious *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, she kept gnawing on that oak for ages until something cracked in her mouth and two teeth broke off

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:445-pg22373-part37:t1:o4:1
# text = Yeah, she kept gnawing on that oak for ages until something cracked in her mouth and two teeth broke off
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gnawing	gnaw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	until	until	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
13	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	off	off	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gnaw** | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  |  | for ages; until something | on that oak | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent on oak=Patient |
| 3 | **crack** | participle |  |  |  | her mouth |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Location |
| 4 | **break off** | past | two teeth |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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