---
title: ★★★ The Rat says «He'll say anything». Toad says «I'd have said anyt… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ The Rat says «He'll say anything». Toad says «I'd have said anything in there». What does that tell us about Toad's promises? Test 15 · ★★★ of lesson 46 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'm not sorry!» and the Toad locked in his bedroom)» of the books course of Mova's pri
---

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# Test 15 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ The Rat says «He'll say anything». Toad says «I'd have said anything in there». What does that tell us about Toad's promises?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** ★, Toad, that · **What happens:** say, tell, promise · **To what, where:** anything, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 15 · ★★★ of lesson 46 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'm not sorry!» and the Toad locked in his bedroom)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up/#t15).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ The Rat says «He'll say anything».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:1
# text = ★★★ The Rat says «He'll say anything».
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | ★ ★ the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | future | ★ | anything |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Toad says «I'd have said anything in there».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:2
# text = Toad says «I'd have said anything in there».
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | would · perfect | Toad | anything |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent anything=Theme in there=Manner |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What does that tell us about Toad's promises?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:3
# text = What does that tell us about Toad's promises?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | that |  | us |  |  | about Toad's promises | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic |
| 2 | **promise** |  | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They depend on who is talking to him, so they can't be trusted

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:o1:1
# text = They depend on who is talking to him, so they can't be trusted
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present · progressive |  |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **not** **trust** | can · passive |  | they |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They depend on who is talking to him, and his friends should keep watch since he may lie again

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:o2:1
# text = They depend on who is talking to him, and his friends should keep watch since he may lie again
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
15	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
20	again	again	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present · progressive |  |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **keep** | should | his friends | watch |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |
| 4 | **lie** | may | he |  |  |  | again |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They depend entirely on who is talking to him, so no promise from Toad can ever be trusted at all

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:o3:1
# text = They depend entirely on who is talking to him, so no promise from Toad can ever be trusted at all
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | They |  |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present · progressive |  |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **trust** | can · passive |  | no promise from Toad |  | all | ever |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They depend on who's talking, so can't be trusted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up:t15:o4:1
# text = They depend on who's talking, so can't be trusted
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **trust** | can · passive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S» |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, test 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up/t14/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, test 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up/t16/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'm not sorry!» and the Toad locked in his bedroom)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/46-willows-ch6-part2-not-sorry-and-locked-up/)