---
title: Explain the significance of the term dyadka as used in the narrative… — Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Iv… · tree and pragmatics
description: Explain the significance of the term dyadka as used in the narrative and state its modern signification. Exam question 4 of lesson 465 «Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Ivan and the cows: Katoma swaps clothes with Prince Ivan and tears off a cow's hide» of the books course of Mova's primary schoo
---

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# Exam question 4 · Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Ivan and the cows: Kat…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explain the significance of the term dyadka as used in the narrative and state its modern signification.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, state · **What happens:** explain, use, signify · **To what, where:** significance, narrative

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 465 «Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Ivan and the cows: Katoma swaps clothes with Prince Ivan and tears off a cow's hide» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/465-pg22373-part57/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:465-pg22373-part57:e4:1
# text = Explain the significance of the term dyadka as used in the narrative and state its modern signification.
1	Explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	dyadka	dyadka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	6	dep	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	signification	signification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | the significance |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent significance=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | the narrative and state and state's modern signification |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **signify** |  | state |  |  |  |  |  | nom signification «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story dyadka denotes a wise hunter or herdsman, whereas today it denotes a cousin in the family.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:465-pg22373-part57:e4:o1:1
# text = In the story dyadka denotes a wise hunter or herdsman, whereas today it denotes a cousin in the family.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dyadka	dyadka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	whereas	wherea	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present |  | a wise hunter or herdsman |  |  |  | in the story dyadka | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hunter=Theme in dyadka=Attribute |
| 2 | **wherea** | present |  |  |  |  | today |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **denote** | present | herdsman | a cousin |  |  |  | in the family | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot cousin=Theme in family=Attribute |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old guardian then, uncle now.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:465-pg22373-part57:e4:o2:1
# text = Old guardian then, uncle now.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	guardian	guardian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the tale it means a guardian; today it means uncle.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:465-pg22373-part57:e4:o3:1
# text = In the tale it means a guardian; today it means uncle.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | tale | a guardian |  |  |  | in the tale | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot guardian=Theme in tale=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present | tale | uncle |  |  | today |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent uncle=Topic |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the narrative dyadka denotes an old guardian or tutor, whereas in modern usage it denotes an uncle.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:465-pg22373-part57:e4:o4:1
# text = In the narrative dyadka denotes an old guardian or tutor, whereas in modern usage it denotes an uncle.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dyadka	dyadka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	tutor	tutor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	whereas	wherea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	usage	usage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present |  | a old guardian or tutor and whereas in modern usage |  |  |  | in the narrative dyadka | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot guardian=Theme in dyadka=Attribute |
| 2 | **denote** | present | usage | a uncle |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot uncle=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Iv…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/465-pg22373-part57/e3/)
- next →: [Russian Folk-Tales, Princess Helena th…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/466-pg22373-part58/t1/)
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