---
title: Which of the following describes the means by which the fool's sledg… — Russian Folk-Tales, Emilian the Fool,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following describes the means by which the fool's sledge was propelled towards the forest? Exam question 1 of lesson 467 «Russian Folk-Tales, Emilian the Fool, part 59: the fool's pike-magic pails, sledge and cudgel make the town angry, so they plan a trick» of the books course of Mova'
---

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# Exam question 1 · Russian Folk-Tales, Emilian the Fool, part 59: the fool's…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following describes the means by which the fool's sledge was propelled towards the forest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** the · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, propel · **To what, where:** sledge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 467 «Russian Folk-Tales, Emilian the Fool, part 59: the fool's pike-magic pails, sledge and cudgel make the town angry, so they plan a trick» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/467-pg22373-part59/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:467-pg22373-part59:e1:1
# text = Which of the following describes the means by which the fool's sledge was propelled towards the forest?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
16	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **propel** | past · passive |  | the fool's sledge |  |  |  | towards the forest | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sledge proceeded without a harnessed horse, at the fool's spoken command

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:467-pg22373-part59:e1:o1:1
# text = The sledge proceeded without a harnessed horse, at the fool's spoken command
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	proceeded	proceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	harnessed	harness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proceed** | past | the sledge |  |  | the fool's spoken command |  | without a harnessed horse | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **harness** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **command** |  | the fool |  |  |  |  |  | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the fool's word alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:467-pg22373-part59:e1:o2:1
# text = By the fool's word alone
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **word** |  | the fool |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sledge moved with a horse, by whip

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:467-pg22373-part59:e1:o3:1
# text = The sledge moved with a horse, by whip
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the sledge |  |  |  |  | with a horse; by whip | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by whip=Trajectory |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sledge ran with a harnessed horse driven along the road by the fool's own hand

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:467-pg22373-part59:e1:o4:1
# text = The sledge ran with a harnessed horse driven along the road by the fool's own hand
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	harnessed	harness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	along	along	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the sledge |  |  |  |  | with a harnessed horse | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent with horse=Material |
| 2 | **harness** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **drive** | participle |  | a harnessed horse *not said here* |  | the road |  | by the fool's own hand | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along road=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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