---
title: Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the w… — Russian Folk-Tales, The Soldier's Midn… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the witch was transformed into a mare in the Soldier's tale? Exam question 2 of lesson 469 «Russian Folk-Tales, The Soldier's Midnight Watch, part 1: a priest's son outwits a witch princess, then a soldier is warned about a merchant's da
---

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# Exam question 2 · Russian Folk-Tales, The Soldier's Midnight Watch, part 1:…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the witch was transformed into a mare in the Soldier's tale?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** the, Soldier · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, transform, tell · **To what, where:** witch, tale · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 469 «Russian Folk-Tales, The Soldier's Midnight Watch, part 1: a priest's son outwits a witch princess, then a soldier is warned about a merchant's daughter» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/469-pg22373-part61/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:469-pg22373-part61:e2:1
# text = Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the witch was transformed into a mare in the Soldier's tale?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Soldier	Soldier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **transform** | past · passive |  | the witch |  | the Soldier's tale |  | into a mare *result* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into mare=Result |
| 5 | **tell** |  | the Soldier |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was transformed by the grandfather's bridle and the words "Stand still!"

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:469-pg22373-part61:e2:o1:1
# text = She was transformed by the grandfather's bridle and the words "Stand still!"
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	bridle	bridle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transform** | past · passive | the grandfather's bridle and the words | She |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was transformed by the Soldier's utterance of the words "Tprru! stand still, jade!"

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:469-pg22373-part61:e2:o2:1
# text = She was transformed by the Soldier's utterance of the words "Tprru! stand still, jade!"
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Soldier	Soldier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	utterance	utterance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Tprru	Tprru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
15	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
16	still	still	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	jade	jade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transform** | past · passive | the Soldier's utterance of the words | She |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** *in a quote* | infinitive | the Soldier's utterance of the words *not said here* | jade |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **utter** |  | the Soldier | the words |  |  |  |  | nom utterance «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was transformed by the Soldier's utterance of the words "Tprru! stand still, jade!" after the bridle was thrown over her head at midnight

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:469-pg22373-part61:e2:o3:1
# text = She was transformed by the Soldier's utterance of the words "Tprru! stand still, jade!" after the bridle was thrown over her head at midnight
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Soldier	Soldier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	utterance	utterance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Tprru	Tprru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
15	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
16	still	still	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	jade	jade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
21	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bridle	bridle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
26	over	over	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transform** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** *in a quote* | infinitive | Tprru | jade |  |  | still | by the Soldier's utterance of the words | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by utterance=Location |
| 3 | **throw** | past · passive |  |  |  | Tprru's head | after the bridle; midnight |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: over head=Destination |
| 4 | **utter** |  | the Soldier | the words |  |  |  |  | nom utterance «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was changed when the Soldier cried out the words "Tprru!" aloud.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:469-pg22373-part61:e2:o4:1
# text = She was changed when the Soldier cried out the words "Tprru!" aloud.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Soldier	Soldier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Tprru	Tprru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
15	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | the Soldier | the words |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Russian Folk-Tales, The Soldier's Midnight Watch, part 1: a priest's son outwits a witch princess, then a soldier is warned about a merchant's daughter](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/469-pg22373-part61/)