---
title: By what means were the two youths restored to life? — Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means were the two youths restored to life? Exam question 2 of lesson 478 «Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the Corpse, part 70: the moujik wins back the coffin-lid and saves two dead lads» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Exam question 2 · Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the Corpse, part 70: th…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means were the two youths restored to life?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** two youths · **What happens:** mean, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 478 «Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the Corpse, part 70: the moujik wins back the coffin-lid and saves two dead lads» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/478-pg22373-part70/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:478-pg22373-part70:e2:1
# text = By what means were the two youths restored to life?
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	restored	restore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | the two youths |  |  |  |  | to life; restore *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By herbs boiled in fresh milk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:478-pg22373-part70:e2:o1:1
# text = By herbs boiled in fresh milk
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boil** | participle |  | herbs *not said here* |  |  |  | in fresh milk | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in milk=Instrument |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the smoke of a shroud burnt in a pot over the hearth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:478-pg22373-part70:e2:o2:1
# text = By the smoke of a shroud burnt in a pot over the hearth
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shroud	shroud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hearth	hearth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | participle |  | a shroud *not said here* |  | a pot |  | over the hearth | tree rules |
| 2 | **smoke** |  | a shroud |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By smoke from a burnt shroud

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:478-pg22373-part70:e2:o3:1
# text = By smoke from a burnt shroud
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shroud	shroud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By smoke from a burnt shroud carried by the soldier in his bag

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:478-pg22373-part70:e2:o4:1
# text = By smoke from a burnt shroud carried by the soldier in his bag
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shroud	shroud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | participle |  | a burnt shroud *not said here* |  | his bag |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in bag=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/478-pg22373-part70/e1/)
- next →: [Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/478-pg22373-part70/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Russian Folk-Tales, The Moujik and the Corpse, part 70: the moujik wins back the coffin-lid and saves two dead lads](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/478-pg22373-part70/)