---
title: Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.» Pu… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.» Put it right. Test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree an
---

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# Test 1 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.» Put it right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Toad, you · **What happens:** not steal, borrow, put · **To what, where:** car

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:1
# text = Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.»
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **steal** *in a quote* | past · do-support | Toad | the car |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location car=Theme |
| 2 | **borrow** *in a quote* | past | Toad | car |  |  |  | for a bit | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put it right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:2
# text = Put it right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | car |  |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car was not his, so he took it without asking, then drove off, crashed, and was rightly found guilty by the court today

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:o1:1
# text = The car was not his, so he took it without asking, then drove off, crashed, and was rightly found guilty by the court today
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
15	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
22	rightly	rightly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
24	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | the car *not said here* | his *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | he | car |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drive off** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **crash** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **find** | past · passive | the court |  |  |  | today | guilty, rightly *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He drove it off without a word, and the magistrates decided it was theft after all

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:o2:1
# text = He drove it off without a word, and the magistrates decided it was theft after all
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	magistrates	magistrate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	theft	theft	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive off** | past | He | it |  |  |  | without a word | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location |
| 2 | **decide** | past | the magistrates |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **theft** | past · passive |  | word |  |  | after all |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took it without asking and drove off — that's stealing, and the court said so

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:o3:1
# text = He took it without asking and drove off — that's stealing, and the court said so
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | He | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **drive off** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **steal** | present · progressive | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the court |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took it without asking, which is theft, and the court found him guilty of that

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t1:o4:1
# text = He took it without asking, which is theft, and the court found him guilty of that
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | He | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | theft |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **find** | past | the court | him *= he* |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/47-willows-ch6-part3-toad-tricks-the-rat/e4/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/t2/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/)