---
title: Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined». What has happened to Toad now? Test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Test 10 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined». What has happened to Toad now?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Rat · **What happens:** look back, say, kill, ruin, happen · **To what, where:** end, Toad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:1
# text = Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined».
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	IV	IV	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look back** | gerund | the Rat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in chapter | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in chapter=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **kill** *in a quote* | must · passive |  | Toad's end |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **ruin** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What has happened to Toad now?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:2
# text = What has happened to Toad now?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · perfect |  |  | Toad |  | now |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruined but still alive, and free to visit the Rat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:o1:1
# text = Ruined but still alive, and free to visit the Rat
1	Ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
2	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruin** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **visit** | to-infinitive |  | the Rat |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither yet, but he's lost his freedom for twenty years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:o2:1
# text = Neither yet, but he's lost his freedom for twenty years
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · passive |  | he |  |  | yet; year |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is neither killed nor ruined, although he will not see his friends or Toad Hall again for many years to come

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:o3:1
# text = He is neither killed nor ruined, although he will not see his friends or Toad Hall again for many years to come
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	6	cc	_	_
6	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Hall	Hall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **ruin** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **see** | future | he | his friends or Toad Hall |  |  | again; year |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus |
| 4 | **come** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither killed nor ruined yet, but he has lost his freedom and must now sit in prison for twenty whole years

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon:t10:o4:1
# text = Neither killed nor ruined yet, but he has lost his freedom and must now sit in prison for twenty whole years
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	4	cc	_	_
4	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
5	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
16	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
21	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **ruin** | participle |  |  |  |  | yet |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lose** | present · perfect | he | his freedom |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Eventuality |
| 4 | **sit** | must | he *not said here* |  |  | prison | now; year |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in prison=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/t9/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, p…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/t11/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/)