---
title: why couldn't the poor guy borrow stuff, fr? — Russian Folk-Tales, Beer and Corn: a p… · tree and pragmatics
description: why couldn't the poor guy borrow stuff, fr? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 483 «Russian Folk-Tales, Beer and Corn: a poor man's well brews the feast's beer» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Russian Folk-Tales, Beer and Corn: a poor man's well brews…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
why couldn't the poor guy borrow stuff, fr?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** poor guy · **What happens:** borrow · **To what, where:** stuff

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 483 «Russian Folk-Tales, Beer and Corn: a poor man's well brews the feast's beer» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/483-pg22373-part75/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:483-pg22373-part75:t3:1
# text = why couldn't the poor guy borrow stuff, fr?
1	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	borrow	borrow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	fr	fr	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | present | the poor guy | stuff and fr |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stuff=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he had no cash saved

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:483-pg22373-part75:t3:o1:1
# text = he had no cash saved
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	cash	cash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | no cash |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cash=Patient |
| 2 | **save** | participle |  | no cash *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he had no collateral to give

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:483-pg22373-part75:t3:o2:1
# text = he had no collateral to give
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	collateral	collateral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | no collateral |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collateral=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | no collateral *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cause the rich guy already hated him and wouldn't lend to anybody who had ever complained about prices

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:483-pg22373-part75:t3:o3:1
# text = cause the rich guy already hated him and wouldn't lend to anybody who had ever complained about prices
1	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	lend	lend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	anybody	anybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obl	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	17	advmod	_	_
17	complained	complain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rich guy |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition guy=Patient |
| 2 | **hate** | past | the rich guy *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **lend** | would | you *not said here* |  | anybody |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to anybody=Recipient |
| 4 | **complain** *speech: other* | past · perfect |  |  |  |  | ever | about prices | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about price=Topic |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he had nothing to pawn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:483-pg22373-part75:t3:o4:1
# text = he had nothing to pawn
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pawn	pawn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 2 | **pawn** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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