---
title: exam: State the manner by which the heroes overcame the avian creatu… — Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: t… · tree and pragmatics
description: exam: State the manner by which the heroes overcame the avian creatures of Aretias, as recorded in the narrative. Exam question 2 of lesson 538 «Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: the Argonauts fight, lose friends, pass the clashing rocks and reach Colchis» of the books course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Exam question 2 · Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: the Argonauts fight,…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
exam: State the manner by which the heroes overcame the avian creatures of Aretias, as recorded in the narrative.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** heroes · **What happens:** overcome, record · **To what, where:** avian creatures, narrative

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 538 «Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: the Argonauts fight, lose friends, pass the clashing rocks and reach Colchis» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/538-pg22381-part44/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:538-pg22381-part44:e2:1
# text = exam: State the manner by which the heroes overcame the avian creatures of Aretias, as recorded in the narrative.
1	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	overcame	overcome	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	avian	avian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Aretias	Aretias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | past | the heroes | the avian creatures of Aretias |  |  |  | by the manner | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot creature=Theme |
| 2 | **record** | participle | the heroes *not said here* |  |  | the narrative |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in narrative=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They donned bronze helmets, raised their shields in a line, and uttered such fearful cries that the birds fled into the sea

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:538-pg22381-part44:e2:o1:1
# text = They donned bronze helmets, raised their shields in a line, and uttered such fearful cries that the birds fled into the sea
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	donned	don	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	uttered	utter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	fearful	fearful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cries	cry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **don** | past | They | bronze helmets |  |  |  |  | vn simple\_dressing-41.3.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
| 2 | **raise** | past | They *not said here* | helmets's shields |  | a line |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent shield=Theme in line=Destination |
| 3 | **utter** *speech: other* | past | They *not said here* | such fearful cries |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cry=Topic |
| 4 | **flee** | past | the birds |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into sea=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They covered themselves with cloaks and sang a hymn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:538-pg22381-part44:e2:o2:1
# text = They covered themselves with cloaks and sang a hymn
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cloaks	cloak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hymn	hymn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | They | themselves *= they* |  |  |  | with cloaks | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Destination with cloak=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | They *not said here* | a hymn |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hymn=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They donned helmets, raised shields, and uttered fearful cries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:538-pg22381-part44:e2:o3:1
# text = They donned helmets, raised shields, and uttered fearful cries
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	donned	don	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	uttered	utter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	fearful	fearful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cries	cry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **don** | past | They | helmets and raised shields |  |  |  |  | vn simple\_dressing-41.3.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **utter** *speech: other* | past | They *not said here* | fearful cries |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cry=Topic |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They struck the birds with bronze swords and fell back

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:538-pg22381-part44:e2:o4:1
# text = They struck the birds with bronze swords and fell back
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | They | the birds |  |  |  | with bronze swords | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bird=Patient with sword=Instrument |
| 2 | **fall back** | past | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: t…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/538-pg22381-part44/e1/)
- next →: [Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: t…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/538-pg22381-part44/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Greek Myths, The Argonauts, part 44: the Argonauts fight, lose friends, pass the clashing rocks and reach Colchis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/538-pg22381-part44/)