---
title: By what means did Jason render himself invulnerable for the trial? — Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Flee… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did Jason render himself invulnerable for the trial? Exam question 4 of lesson 539 «Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the field of Ares, the Fleece and a murder» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/539-pg22381-part45/e4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/) / [Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Flee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/539-pg22381-part45/) / e4

# Exam question 4 · Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the fie…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did Jason render himself invulnerable for the trial?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Jason · **What happens:** mean, render · **To what, where:** Jason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 539 «Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the field of Ares, the Fleece and a murder» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/539-pg22381-part45/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:539-pg22381-part45:e4:1
# text = By what means did Jason render himself invulnerable for the trial?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Jason	Jason	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	invulnerable	invulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **render** | past · do-support | Jason | Jason |  |  |  | invulnerable *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By anointing his spear and shield with a magic salve

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:539-pg22381-part45:e4:o1:1
# text = By anointing his spear and shield with a magic salve
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	anointing	anoint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	salve	salve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anoint** | gerund |  | his spear and shield |  |  |  | with a magic salve | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent spear=Destination with salve=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By wearing a cloak of golden thread

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:539-pg22381-part45:e4:o2:1
# text = By wearing a cloak of golden thread
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a cloak of golden thread |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By wrapping his body in a bronze shield from Ares

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:539-pg22381-part45:e4:o3:1
# text = By wrapping his body in a bronze shield from Ares
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	wrapping	wrap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Ares	ar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | gerund |  | his body |  | a bronze shield |  | from Ares | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme in shield=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By anointing his spear and shield and his whole body with a magic salve from Medea

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:539-pg22381-part45:e4:o4:1
# text = By anointing his spear and shield and his whole body with a magic salve from Medea
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	anointing	anoint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	salve	salve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Medea	Medea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anoint** | gerund |  | his spear and shield and his whole body |  |  |  | with a magic salve from Medea | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent spear=Destination with salve=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Flee…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/539-pg22381-part45/e3/)
- next →: [Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, pa…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/541-pg22381-part47/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the field of Ares, the Fleece and a murder](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/539-pg22381-part45/)