---
title: Explain with reference to the text the reason for which Heracles dep… — Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Explain with reference to the text the reason for which Heracles departs from the court of Laomedon. Exam question 1 of lesson 544 «Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles saves a maiden, wins the oxen and apples, and enters the Underworld» of the books course of Mova's primary schoo
---

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# Exam question 1 · Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles sa…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explain with reference to the text the reason for which Heracles departs from the court of Laomedon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Heracles · **What happens:** explain, depart · **To what, where:** reason, text, court

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 544 «Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles saves a maiden, wins the oxen and apples, and enters the Underworld» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/544-pg22381-part50/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e1:1
# text = Explain with reference to the text the reason for which Heracles departs from the court of Laomedon.
1	Explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
11	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	departs	depart	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Laomedon	Laomedon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason | the text |  |  | with reference | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to text=Recipient |
| 2 | **depart** | present | Heracles |  |  | the court of Laomedon |  | for the reason | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from court=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e1:o1:1
# text = Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	broke	broke	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **free** | gerund · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | because the king; from the monster | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING» |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the king, freed from the monster, once more refused the promised reward and the hero's due.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e1:o2:1
# text = Because the king, freed from the monster, once more refused the promised reward and the hero's due.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	advmod	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **free** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | because the king; from the monster | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **refuse** | past |  | the promised reward |  |  |  | 's the hero; due, once *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Theme |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the king, having been freed, once more refused the horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e1:o3:1
# text = Because the king, having been freed, once more refused the horses.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	advmod	_	_
10	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **free** | gerund · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | because the king | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING» |
| 2 | **refuse** | past |  | the horses |  |  |  | once *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero and then drove him from the city in shame.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e1:o4:1
# text = Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero and then drove him from the city in shame.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	broke	broke	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
21	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **free** | gerund · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | because the king; from the monster | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING» |
| 2 | **drive** | past |  | monster |  | the city in shame | then |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from city=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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