---
title: Describe the manner in which Heracles gained the assistance of Helio… — Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Describe the manner in which Heracles gained the assistance of Helios for the crossing to the island of Erythia. Exam question 4 of lesson 544 «Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles saves a maiden, wins the oxen and apples, and enters the Underworld» of the books course of Mova's p
---

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# Exam question 4 · Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles sa…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describe the manner in which Heracles gained the assistance of Helios for the crossing to the island of Erythia.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Heracles · **What happens:** describe, gain, assist · **To what, where:** manner, assistance, Helios

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 544 «Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles saves a maiden, wins the oxen and apples, and enters the Underworld» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/544-pg22381-part50/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e4:1
# text = Describe the manner in which Heracles gained the assistance of Helios for the crossing to the island of Erythia.
1	Describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Helios	helio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Erythia	Erythia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | imperative | you *not said here* | the manner |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme |
| 2 | **gain** | past | Heracles | the assistance of Helios |  | the manner |  | for the crossing to the island of Erythia | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme for crossing=Source |
| 3 | **assist** |  |  | Helios |  |  |  | for the crossing to the island of Erythia | nom assistance «act transitive»: of=patient for=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helios, moved by the hero's courage, lent him a golden cup in which he sailed by night.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e4:o1:1
# text = Helios, moved by the hero's courage, lent him a golden cup in which he sailed by night.
1	Helios	helio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | participle |  | Helios *not said here* |  |  |  | by the hero's courage | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by courage=Trajectory |
| 2 | **lend** | past | Helios | a golden cup | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient cup=Theme |
| 3 | **sail** | past | he |  |  | a golden cup | night |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helios, admiring the hero's daring and his bow, lent him the golden boat in which he made his nightly voyage across the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e4:o2:1
# text = Helios, admiring the hero's daring and his bow, lent him the golden boat in which he made his nightly voyage across the sea.
1	Helios	helio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	admiring	admire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	daring	daring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	nightly	nightly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	across	across	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admire** | gerund | Helios *not said here* | the hero's daring and his bow |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daring=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lend** | past | Helios | the golden boat | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient boat=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | he | his nightly voyage |  | the golden boat |  | across the sea | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Product |
| 4 | **dare** |  | the hero |  |  |  |  |  | nom daring «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **voyage** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helios, struck by the hero's bold threats, lent him the golden boat for a swift nocturnal crossing to the shores of Erythia.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e4:o3:1
# text = Helios, struck by the hero's bold threats, lent him the golden boat for a swift nocturnal crossing to the shores of Erythia.
1	Helios	helio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	threats	threat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Erythia	Erythia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | participle |  | Helios *not said here* |  |  |  | by the hero's bold threats | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by threat=Location |
| 2 | **lend** | past | Helios | the golden boat | him *= he* |  |  | for a swift nocturnal crossing; to the shores of Erythia | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient boat=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helios, admiring the hero's daring, lent him the golden boat in which he made his nocturnal transit.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:544-pg22381-part50:e4:o4:1
# text = Helios, admiring the hero's daring, lent him the golden boat in which he made his nocturnal transit.
1	Helios	helio	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	admiring	admire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	daring	daring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	transit	transit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admire** | gerund | Helios *not said here* | the hero's daring |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daring=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lend** | past | Helios | the golden boat | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient boat=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | he | his nocturnal transit |  | the golden boat |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transit=Product |
| 4 | **dare** |  | the hero |  |  |  |  |  | nom daring «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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