---
title: Which of the following statements accurately identifies the agent wh… — Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements accurately identifies the agent who restrained the earth's movement during the attempted release of Pirithoüs? Exam question 2 of lesson 545 «Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, part 51: Heracles brings Cerberus up, kills Iphitus by accident, serves Omphale and take
---

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# Exam question 2 · Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, part 51: Heracles brin…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements accurately identifies the agent who restrained the earth's movement during the attempted release of Pirithoüs?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** agent, earth · **What happens:** follow, identify, restrain, attempt, move · **To what, where:** agent, movement

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 545 «Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, part 51: Heracles brings Cerberus up, kills Iphitus by accident, serves Omphale and takes revenge on two kings» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/545-pg22381-part51/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:545-pg22381-part51:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements accurately identifies the agent who restrained the earth's movement during the attempted release of Pirithoüs?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	identifies	identify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	agent	agent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	restrained	restrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	attempted	attempt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	release	release	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Pirithoüs	Pirithoüs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **identify** | present |  | the agent |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent agent=Theme |
| 3 | **restrain** | past | the agent | the earth's movement |  |  | during the attempted release of Pirithoüs |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer movement=Eventuality |
| 4 | **attempt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **move** |  | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground itself trembled violently, forcing Heracles to abandon the attempt to lift Pirithoüs

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:545-pg22381-part51:e2:o1:1
# text = The ground itself trembled violently, forcing Heracles to abandon the attempt to lift Pirithoüs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	2	nmod	_	_
4	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	forcing	force	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
8	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	abandon	abandon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
15	Pirithoüs	Pirithoüs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tremble** | past | the ground  ground |  |  |  |  | violently *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **force** | gerund | the ground  ground *not said here* |  | Heracles |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heracles=Recipient |
| 3 | **abandon** | to-infinitive | the ground  ground *not said here* | the attempt |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme attempt=Source |
| 4 | **lift** | to-infinitive | the ground  ground *not said here* | Pirithoüs |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pirithoüs=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A god sent an earthquake that stopped Heracles from freeing his friend

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:545-pg22381-part51:e2:o2:1
# text = A god sent an earthquake that stopped Heracles from freeing his friend
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	freeing	free	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | a god | a earthquake |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earthquake=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | past | a earthquake | Heracles |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality heracles=Eventuality |
| 3 | **free** | gerund | a earthquake *not said here* | god's friend |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer friend=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hermes stopped him by calling the hero back to the surface early

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:545-pg22381-part51:e2:o3:1
# text = Hermes stopped him by calling the hero back to the surface early
1	Hermes	Hermes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | Hermes | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector he=Eventuality |
| 2 | **call back** *speech: assert* | gerund | Hermes *not said here* | the hero | the surface |  |  | early *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hero=Topic to surface=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earth itself shook violently, compelling Heracles to relinquish his task

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:545-pg22381-part51:e2:o4:1
# text = The earth itself shook violently, compelling Heracles to relinquish his task
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	2	nmod:unmarked	_	_
4	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	compelling	compel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	relinquish	relinquish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the earth  earth |  |  |  |  | violently *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **compel** | gerund | the earth  earth *not said here* | Heracles |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent heracles=Patient clause=Result |
| 3 | **relinquish** | to-infinitive | the earth  earth *not said here* | Heracles's task |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent task=Theme |
| 4 | **task** |  | Heracles |  |  |  |  |  | nom task «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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