---
title: What vow did Achilles make upon learning of the death of his friend,… — Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60:… · tree and pragmatics
description: What vow did Achilles make upon learning of the death of his friend, and what was the reason for it? Exam question 3 of lesson 554 «Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60: Odysseus frames Palamedes, Achilles sulks, Patroclus dies, Achilles chases Hector» of the books course of Mova's primary school, w
---

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# Exam question 3 · Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60: Odysseus frames Pala…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What vow did Achilles make upon learning of the death of his friend, and what was the reason for it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Achilles, friend · **What happens:** make, be, die · **To what, where:** reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 554 «Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60: Odysseus frames Palamedes, Achilles sulks, Patroclus dies, Achilles chases Hector» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/554-pg22381-part60/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:554-pg22381-part60:e3:1
# text = What vow did Achilles make upon learning of the death of his friend, and what was the reason for it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	vow	vow	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · do-support | Achilles |  |  |  |  | upon learning of the death of Achilles's friend | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the reason |  |  |  | for reason | tree rules |
| 3 | **die** |  | Achilles's friend |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He vowed that the funeral rites would await Hector's death and the capture of twelve Trojans, to avenge his friend

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:554-pg22381-part60:e3:o1:1
# text = He vowed that the funeral rites would await Hector's death and the capture of twelve Trojans, to avenge his friend
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	vowed	vow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rites	rite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	await	await	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
9	Hector	Hector	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	capture	capture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	Trojans	Trojan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	avenge	avenge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vow** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **await** | would | the funeral rites | Hector's death and the capture of twelve Trojans |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **avenge** | to-infinitive | the funeral rites *not said here* | Hector's friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **die** |  | Hector |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **capture** |  |  | twelve Trojans |  |  |  |  | nom capture «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swore the funeral rites would wait until he had killed Paris and taken twelve Greeks as slaves, to honour his fallen comrade

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:554-pg22381-part60:e3:o2:1
# text = He swore the funeral rites would wait until he had killed Paris and taken twelve Greeks as slaves, to honour his fallen comrade
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	rites	rite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
12	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
15	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	honour	honour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	comrade	comrade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **wait** | would | the funeral rites |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | he |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer paris=Result |
| 4 | **take** | participle |  | twelve Greeks |  |  |  | as slaves | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent as slave=Attribute |
| 5 | **honour** | to-infinitive |  | Paris's fallen comrade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swore revenge on Hector, bro

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:554-pg22381-part60:e3:o3:1
# text = He swore revenge on Hector, bro
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	revenge	revenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Hector	hector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	bro	bro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | He | revenge |  | Hector and bro |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent revenge=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swore the funeral would wait until he had killed Agamemnon and captured Priam, out of grief for his friend

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:554-pg22381-part60:e3:o4:1
# text = He swore the funeral would wait until he had killed Agamemnon and captured Priam, out of grief for his friend
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
11	Agamemnon	Agamemnon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	Priam	Priam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | He |  |  | grief for funeral's friend |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **wait** | would | the funeral |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | funeral |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer agamemnon=Result |
| 4 | **capture** | past | He *not said here* | Priam |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent priam=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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