---
title: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Water Rat's conduct in the field? Exam question 4 of lesson 56 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Water Rat's conduct in the field?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** established facts, Water Rat · **What happens:** follow, be, establish, concern, conduct · **To what, where:** conduct, field

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 56 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 1: Wayfarers All (change in the air)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Water Rat's conduct in the field?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the Water Rat's conduct |  | the field |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer |
| 5 | **conduct** |  | the Water Rat |  |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He politely declined to assist the mice, tripped over a hat-box in the field, and then walked slowly back to his river in a sulk

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air:e4:o1:1
# text = He politely declined to assist the mice, tripped over a hat-box in the field, and then walked slowly back to his river in a sulk
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	politely	politely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	assist	assist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	tripped	trip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
21	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sulk	sulk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | He |  |  |  |  | politely *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **assist** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  | the mice |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **trip** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | a hat box |  | in the field | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over box=Trajectory |
| 4 | **walk** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | a sulk | then |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sulk=Trajectory |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was asked to help, he agreed at once, tripped over a hatbox, dropped every pile of grain, and was carried home by the mice in a cart

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air:e4:o2:1
# text = He was asked to help, he agreed at once, tripped over a hatbox, dropped every pile of grain, and was carried home by the mice in a cart
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	tripped	trip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hatbox	hatbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
26	home	home	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **help** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **trip** | past |  |  |  | a hatbox |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hatbox=Trajectory |
| 5 | **drop** | past |  | every pile of grain |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pile=Theme |
| 6 | **carry** | past · passive | the mice |  |  | a cart |  | home *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cart=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He refused the picnic and sulked by the wheat-field all afternoon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air:e4:o3:1
# text = He refused the picnic and sulked by the wheat-field all afternoon
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sulked	sulk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | He | the picnic |  |  | afternoon |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Theme |
| 2 | **sulk** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the wheat field | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He declined to assist, tripped over a hat-box and withdrew to his river

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air:e4:o4:1
# text = He declined to assist, tripped over a hat-box and withdrew to his river
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	assist	assist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	tripped	trip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	withdrew	withdraw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **assist** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **trip** | participle |  |  |  | a hat box |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over box=Trajectory |
| 4 | **withdraw** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | his river |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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