---
title: Identify the hardships enumerated by the swallow who once essayed to… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the hardships enumerated by the swallow who once essayed to remain throughout the winter. Exam question 1 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the hardships enumerated by the swallow who once essayed to remain throughout the winter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, swallow · **What happens:** identify, enumerate, essay, remain · **To what, where:** hardships

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e1:1
# text = Identify the hardships enumerated by the swallow who once essayed to remain throughout the winter.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hardships	hardship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	enumerated	enumerate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	advmod	_	_
10	essayed	essay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the hardships |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent hardship=Theme |
| 2 | **enumerate** | participle |  | the hardships *not said here* |  |  |  | by the swallow | tree rules |
| 3 | **essay** | past | the swallow |  |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **remain** | to-infinitive | the swallow *not said here* |  |  |  | winter |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freezing gales, bare trees, and no food to find

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e1:o1:1
# text = Freezing gales, bare trees, and no food to find
1	Freezing	freezing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gales	gale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long nights, sunless days, frost and no insects found

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e1:o2:1
# text = Long nights, sunless days, frost and no insects found
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
11	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | Long nights and sunless days and frost and no insects *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long nights, sunless days, chill air, an absence of insects, and the loss of every nest in the eaves

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e1:o3:1
# text = Long nights, sunless days, chill air, an absence of insects, and the loss of every nest in the eaves
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	chill	chill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	eaves	eave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chill** | present | Long nights and sunless days | air |  | the eaves |  | a absence of insects *obl*; the loss of every nest *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | insects |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long nights, sunless days, chill air and an absence of insects

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e1:o4:1
# text = Long nights, sunless days, chill air and an absence of insects
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	sunless	sunless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	chill	chill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chill** | present | Long nights and sunless days | air and a absence of insects |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | insects |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, test 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/t16/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/)