---
title: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Downs? Exam question 4 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree a
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Downs?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** established facts · **What happens:** follow, be, establish, concern · **To what, where:** Downs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 57 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Downs?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Downs	Down	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the Downs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus down=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were a sizeable range of chalk hills that the Rat only glimpsed from his bank, and rarely visited

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e4:o1:1
# text = They were a sizeable range of chalk hills that the Rat only glimpsed from his bank, and rarely visited
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sizeable	sizeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	glimpsed	glimpse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | a sizeable range |  |  |  | of chalk hills | tree rules |
| 2 | **glimpse** | participle | the Rat | chalk hills |  | Rat's bank |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **visit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | rarely *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were the frontier of his world; the Rat saw sea and sunshine past them but never cared

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e4:o2:1
# text = They were the frontier of his world; the Rat saw sea and sunshine past them but never cared
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	frontier	frontier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	past	past	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	cared	care	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | the frontier |  |  |  | of his world | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | the Rat | sea and sunshine |  |  |  | past sea | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sea=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **care** | participle | the Rat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e4:o3:1
# text = They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	constituted	constitute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	19	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | past · perfect | They | the limit of the Water Rat's horizon |  |  |  | formerly *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme limit=Pivot |
| 2 | **care** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **know** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing, and he had never crossed the crest even once in all his life along the river

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows:e4:o4:1
# text = They had formerly constituted the limit of the Water Rat's horizon, beyond which he cared to know nothing, and he had never crossed the crest even once in all his life along the river
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	constituted	constitute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	even	even	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	26	advmod	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	34	det:predet	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	along	along	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | past · perfect | They | the limit of the Water Rat's horizon |  |  |  | formerly *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme limit=Pivot |
| 2 | **care** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **know** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **cross** | past · perfect | he | the crest |  |  |  | along the river; once *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/e3/)
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- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/)