---
title: State the reason adduced by the seafarer for his reluctance to parta… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the reason adduced by the seafarer for his reluctance to partake of luncheon indoors. Exam question 2 of lesson 59 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All (the voyage and lunch by the road)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the reason adduced by the seafarer for his reluctance to partake of luncheon indoors.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** adduce, partake · **To what, where:** State reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 59 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 4: Wayfarers All (the voyage and lunch by the road)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road:e2:1
# text = State the reason adduced by the seafarer for his reluctance to partake of luncheon indoors.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	adduced	adduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	seafarer	seafarer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	partake	partake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	luncheon	luncheon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adduce** | participle |  | the State reason *not said here* |  |  |  | by the seafarer; for his reluctance | tree rules |
| 2 | **partake** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of luncheon | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He prefers open air and does not like to eat in small rooms

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road:e2:o1:1
# text = He prefers open air and does not like to eat in small rooms
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | He | open air |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer air=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **like** | present · do-support | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | small rooms |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He dislikes going below and would rather eat outdoors, because the food indoors is always too strong and he finds it hard to sleep after a large meal, which he always does

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road:e2:o2:1
# text = He dislikes going below and would rather eat outdoors, because the food indoors is always too strong and he finds it hard to sleep after a large meal, which he always does
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dislikes	dislike	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	below	below	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	18	advmod	_	_
17	too	too	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	after	after	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	34	advmod	_	_
34	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dislike** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | below *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | would | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outdoors *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the food |  |  |  |  | always, strong *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **find** | present | he | food |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 6 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | food *not said here* |  |  |  | after a large meal |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **do** | present | he | a large meal |  |  |  | always *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His aversion to going under hatches and the likelihood of his falling asleep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road:e2:o3:1
# text = His aversion to going under hatches and the likelihood of his falling asleep
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aversion	aversion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hatches	hatch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Gender=Masc|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
13	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | hatches and the likelihood |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under hatch=Location |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund | his *= he* | the likelihood *not said here* |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient likelihood=Result |
| 3 | **avert** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom aversion «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His distaste for going below decks, together with the fact that he would be likely to fall asleep after the meal, and the inconvenience of the stairs

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:59-willows-ch9-part4-lunch-by-the-road:e2:o4:1
# text = His distaste for going below decks, together with the fact that he would be likely to fall asleep after the meal, and the inconvenience of the stairs
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	distaste	distaste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	below	below	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	decks	deck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	inconvenience	inconvenience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund | His distaste and the fact and the inconvenience of the stairs *not said here* |  |  | decks |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme below deck=Location |
| 2 | **is** | would | he | the fact *not said here* |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  | after the meal | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **inconvenience** |  |  | the stairs |  |  |  |  | nom inconvenience «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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