---
title: «The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.» (mate = friend) What is… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: «The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.» (mate = friend) What is fairer? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 60 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All (the spell, the Mole and the cure)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.» (mate = friend) What is fairer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Sea Rat, mate friend · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** bad guy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 60 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All (the spell, the Mole and the cure)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:1
# text = «The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the Sea Rat | a bad guy |  |  |  | mate *vocative* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (mate = friend) What is fairer?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:2
# text = (mate = friend) What is fairer?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	4	punct	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	fairer	fair	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | mate friend |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He means well and simply wants a companion for his long voyage home

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:o1:1
# text = He means well and simply wants a companion for his long voyage home
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	home	home	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | He |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **want** | present | He *not said here* | a companion |  |  |  | for his long voyage; home, simply *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot companion=Theme |
| 3 | **voyage** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a villain: he follows his own call, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:o2:1
# text = Not a villain: he follows his own call, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | he | his own call |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | his spell |  |  |  |  | for the Rat; dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **spell** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a villain: he follows his own call and is a stranger to the Rat, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat and must be broken

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:o3:1
# text = Not a villain: he follows his own call and is a stranger to the Rat, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat and must be broken
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	parataxis	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | he | his own call |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a villain | a stranger |  |  |  | to the Rat | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | his spell |  |  |  |  | for the Rat; dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **break** | must · passive | his spell *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V» |
| 5 | **call** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **spell** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a villain at all, but a sailor who is lonely, tired, and so mad with the sea that he loves the Rat

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure:t8:o4:1
# text = Not a villain at all, but a sailor who is lonely, tired, and so mad with the sea that he loves the Rat
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a sailor |  |  |  |  | lonely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a sailor *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a sailor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the sea | tree rules |
| 4 | **love** | present | he | the Rat |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rat=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure/t7/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure/t9/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All (the spell, the Mole and the cure)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/60-willows-ch9-part5-the-call-and-the-cure/)