---
title: What is the principal reason given for the monkeys' reluctance to en… — The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: What is the principal reason given for the monkeys' reluctance to engage in combat? Exam question 3 of lesson 609 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 10: Kaa scares off the Monkey-People while Mowgli stays trapped» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and prag
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 10: Kaa scares of…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the principal reason given for the monkeys' reluctance to engage in combat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** be, give, engage · **To what, where:** principal reason, combat

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 609 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 10: Kaa scares off the Monkey-People while Mowgli stays trapped» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/609-pg236-part10/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:609-pg236-part10:e3:1
# text = What is the principal reason given for the monkeys' reluctance to engage in combat?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	engage	engage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | the principal reason *not said here* |  |  |  | for the monkeys's reluctance | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for reluctance=Asset |
| 3 | **engage** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in combat *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in combat=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Odds of a hundred to one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:609-pg236-part10:e3:o1:1
# text = Odds of a hundred to one
1	Odds	odd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The panther is too big

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:609-pg236-part10:e3:o2:1
# text = The panther is too big
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	panther	panther	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the panther |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because Kaa had frozen the whole army of the monkeys in place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:609-pg236-part10:e3:o3:1
# text = Because Kaa had frozen the whole army of the monkeys in place
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Kaa	Kaa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kaa |  | place |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monkeys believed Mowgli had already been eaten by the snake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:609-pg236-part10:e3:o4:1
# text = The monkeys believed Mowgli had already been eaten by the snake
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | the monkeys |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | past · perfect · passive | the snake | Mowgli |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/609-pg236-part10/e2/)
- next →: [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/609-pg236-part10/e4/)
- ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 10: Kaa scares off the Monkey-People while Mowgli stays trapped](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/609-pg236-part10/)