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title: Which statement most accurately describes the cause of Mowgli's refu… — The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which statement most accurately describes the cause of Mowgli's refusal to remain within the hut overnight? Exam question 2 of lesson 611 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 12: Mowgli reaches a village and is taken in as a lost son» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the depen
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 12: Mowgli reache…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which statement most accurately describes the cause of Mowgli's refusal to remain within the hut overnight?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** statement, Mowgli · **What happens:** describe, remain, cause, refuse · **To what, where:** cause, refusal

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 611 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 12: Mowgli reaches a village and is taken in as a lost son» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/611-pg236-part12/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:611-pg236-part12:e2:1
# text = Which statement most accurately describes the cause of Mowgli's refusal to remain within the hut overnight?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
14	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | which statement | the cause of Mowgli's refusal |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent cause=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **remain** | to-infinitive | which statement *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within the hut; overnight *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | Mowgli's refusal |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **refuse** |  | Mowgli |  |  |  |  |  | nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is forbidden by the priest from entering any dwelling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:611-pg236-part12:e2:o1:1
# text = He is forbidden by the priest from entering any dwelling
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | present · passive | the priest | He |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |
| 2 | **enter** | gerund | the priest *not said here* | any dwelling |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dwelling=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has been instructed by Gray Brother to sleep outside

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:611-pg236-part12:e2:o2:1
# text = He has been instructed by Gray Brother to sleep outside
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	instructed	instruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Gray	Gray	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	Brother	Brother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive | Gray | He |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | Gray *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He prefers the warmth of the open field to any dwelling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:611-pg236-part12:e2:o3:1
# text = He prefers the warmth of the open field to any dwelling
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | He | the warmth of the open field |  |  |  | to any dwelling | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer warmth=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He regards the enclosed dwelling as resembling a trap for beasts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:611-pg236-part12:e2:o4:1
# text = He regards the enclosed dwelling as resembling a trap for beasts
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	regards	regard	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	resembling	resemble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regard** | present | He | the enclosed dwelling |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dwelling=Theme |
| 2 | **enclose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **resemble** | gerund | He *not said here* | a trap |  |  |  | for beasts | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/611-pg236-part12/e1/)
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