---
title: Upon what grounds did Mowgli judge the ravine walls insurmountable? — The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon what grounds did Mowgli judge the ravine walls insurmountable? Exam question 2 of lesson 613 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 14: Mowgli's herd crushes Shere Khan in the ravine» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 14: Mowgli's herd…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upon what grounds did Mowgli judge the ravine walls insurmountable?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** grounds · **What happens:** judge · **To what, where:** ravine walls

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 613 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 14: Mowgli's herd crushes Shere Khan in the ravine» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/613-pg236-part14/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:613-pg236-part14:e2:1
# text = Upon what grounds did Mowgli judge the ravine walls insurmountable?
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	grounds	grounds	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	insurmountable	insurmountable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | past · do-support | grounds | the ravine walls |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent wall=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They rose high and offered no grip to claws

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:613-pg236-part14:e2:o1:1
# text = They rose high and offered no grip to claws
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | They |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **offer** | past | They *not said here* | no grip |  |  |  | to claws *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent grip=Theme to claw=Goal |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were nearly straight and bare of foothold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:613-pg236-part14:e2:o2:1
# text = They were nearly straight and bare of foothold
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bare	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	foothold	foothold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  |  |  | nearly, straight *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of foothold | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were nearly vertical, slick with mud, and bare of any foothold or vine

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:613-pg236-part14:e2:o3:1
# text = They were nearly vertical, slick with mud, and bare of any foothold or vine
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	vertical	vertical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	slick	slick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	foothold	foothold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  |  |  | nearly, vertical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with mud | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of any foothold or vine | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were far too high for any tiger to reach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:613-pg236-part14:e2:o4:1
# text = They were far too high for any tiger to reach
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  |  |  | for any tiger; far, high *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/613-pg236-part14/e1/)
- next →: [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, pa…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/613-pg236-part14/e3/)
- ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers, part 14: Mowgli's herd crushes Shere Khan in the ravine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/613-pg236-part14/)