--- title: Which of the following is the principal reason Kotick nearly drowned… — The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part… · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following is the principal reason Kotick nearly drowned on his first sea visit? Exam question 2 of lesson 616 «The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part 17: Sea Catch returns battered, Kotick is born white, and he grows up to fish at sea» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/616-pg236-part17/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/) / [The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/616-pg236-part17/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part 17: Sea Catch return… Which of the following is the principal reason Kotick nearly drowned on his first sea visit? **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Kotick · **What happens:** follow, be, drown, visit · **To what, where:** principal reason, first sea visit This is exam question 2 of lesson 616 «The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part 17: Sea Catch returns battered, Kotick is born white, and he grows up to fish at sea» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/616-pg236-part17/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:books:616-pg236-part17:e2:1 # text = Which of the following is the principal reason Kotick nearly drowned on his first sea visit? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 case _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 Kotick Kotick PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 10 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 drowned drown VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 14 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 16 amod _ _ 15 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 visit visit NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | | | | | | of the principal reason | tree rules | | 3 | **drown** | past | Kotick | the principal reason *not said here* | | Kotick's first sea visit | | nearly *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient | | 4 | **visit** | | Kotick | | | | | | nom visit «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} He was too small ```conllu # sent_id = question:books:616-pg236-part17:e2:o1:1 # text = He was too small 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 too too ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | He | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} He swallowed too much salt and sank under the shallow surf ```conllu # sent_id = question:books:616-pg236-part17:e2:o2:1 # text = He swallowed too much salt and sank under the shallow surf 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 swallowed swallow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 too too ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 sank sink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 8 under under ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 shallow shallow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 surf surf NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swallow** | past | He | much salt | | | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient | | 2 | **sink** | past | He *not said here* | | | the shallow surf | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} Cold water ```conllu # sent_id = question:books:616-pg236-part17:e2:o3:1 # text = Cold water 1 Cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} A wave carried him beyond his depth before he could swim ```conllu # sent_id = question:books:616-pg236-part17:e2:o4:1 # text = A wave carried him beyond his depth before he could swim 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 beyond beyond ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 depth depth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 before before SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | past | a wave | him *= he* | | | | beyond wave's depth | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 2 | **swim** | could | wave | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/616-pg236-part17/e1/) - next →: [The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/616-pg236-part17/e3/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, The White Seal, part 17: Sea Catch returns battered, Kotick is born white, and he grows up to fish at sea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/616-pg236-part17/)