---
title: Why does Toad say «I've heard that song before»? — The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does Toad say «I've heard that song before»? Test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 62 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 2: The Further Adventures of Toad (into the canal, the stolen horse and «a shilling a leg»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Test 3 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 2: The Further Ad…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does Toad say «I've heard that song before»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Toad · **What happens:** say, hear · **To what, where:** song · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 62 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 2: The Further Adventures of Toad (into the canal, the stolen horse and «a shilling a leg»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg:t3:1
# text = Why does Toad say «I've heard that song before»?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	before	before	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Toad | that song |  |  |  | before *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer song=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because people keep shouting stop at him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg:t3:o1:1
# text = Because people keep shouting stop at him
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | people |  |  |  |  | at him *= he* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | people *not said here* | stop |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stop=Topic |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone chasing him keeps shouting «Stop, stop, stop!», like the men on the engine

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg:t3:o2:1
# text = Everyone chasing him keeps shouting «Stop, stop, stop!», like the men on the engine
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | gerund |  | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like the men on the engine | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 6 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the song is from the engine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg:t3:o3:1
# text = Because the song is from the engine
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the engine |  | because the song | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone chasing him keeps shouting «Stop, stop, stop!», just as the men on the engine did in the car

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg:t3:o4:1
# text = Everyone chasing him keeps shouting «Stop, stop, stop!», just as the men on the engine did in the car
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
15	just	just	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | gerund |  | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 6 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 7 | **do** | past | the men on the engine |  |  | the car |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 2: The Further Adventures of Toad (into the canal, the stolen horse and «a shilling a leg»)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/62-willows-ch10-part2-a-shilling-a-leg/)