---
title: With reference to the passage, identify the feature of the clearing… — The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephan… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the passage, identify the feature of the clearing that distinguished it from the surrounding forest. Exam question 2 of lesson 627 «The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai rides Kala Nag to the secret elephant gathering» of the books course of Mova's primary schoo
---

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# Exam question 2 · The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the passage, identify the feature of the clearing that distinguished it from the surrounding forest.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, clearing · **What happens:** identify, distinguish, feature · **To what, where:** feature, clearing

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 627 «The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai rides Kala Nag to the secret elephant gathering» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/627-pg236-part28/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:627-pg236-part28:e2:1
# text = With reference to the passage, identify the feature of the clearing that distinguished it from the surrounding forest.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	feature	feature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	clearing	clearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the feature of the clearing |  |  |  | with reference to the passage | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent feature=Theme |
| 2 | **distinguish** | past | the clearing | feature |  |  |  | from the surrounding forest | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme from forest=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **feature** |  |  | the clearing |  |  |  |  | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground had been stamped flat by the feet of countless elephants over many years, and it was covered in deep dust, heavy footprints, and broken branches thrown down everywhere

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:627-pg236-part28:e2:o1:1
# text = The ground had been stamped flat by the feet of countless elephants over many years, and it was covered in deep dust, heavy footprints, and broken branches thrown down everywhere
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	countless	countless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
31	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	31	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past · perfect · passive | the feet of countless elephants | the ground |  |  | year | broken branches *obl*; flat *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | ground |  |  |  | in deep dust and heavy footprints | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dust=Theme |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **throw down** | participle |  | broken branches *not said here* |  |  |  | everywhere *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground had been trampled down as hard as a brick floor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:627-pg236-part28:e2:o2:1
# text = The ground had been trampled down as hard as a brick floor
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	trampled	trample	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trample down** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ground |  |  |  | as a brick floor; hard *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clearing was surrounded by high dead trees and a thick wall of bushes that made it impossible to see anything beyond the edge of the open ground

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:627-pg236-part28:e2:o3:1
# text = The clearing was surrounded by high dead trees and a thick wall of bushes that made it impossible to see anything beyond the edge of the open ground
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clearing	clearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	obj	_	_
22	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | past · passive | high dead trees and a thick wall of bushes | the clearing |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | a thick wall of bushes | clearing |  |  |  | impossible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | clearing *not said here* | anything |  |  |  | beyond the edge of the open ground | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surface was covered with thick green moss and fallen logs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:627-pg236-part28:e2:o4:1
# text = The surface was covered with thick green moss and fallen logs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the surface |  |  |  | with thick green moss | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with moss=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  | logs |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient log=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephan…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/627-pg236-part28/e1/)
- next →: [The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephan…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/627-pg236-part28/e3/)
- ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, Toomai of the Elephants, part 28: Toomai rides Kala Nag to the secret elephant gathering](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/627-pg236-part28/)