---
title: Lionel reckoned he was dreaming, so he bit his tongue, didn't he? — The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beast… · tree and pragmatics
description: Lionel reckoned he was dreaming, so he bit his tongue, didn't he? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 633 «The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is fetched from the nursery and made King» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lionel reckoned he was dreaming, so he bit his tongue, didn't he?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Lionel · **What happens:** reckon, dream, bite, not do · **To what, where:** tongue

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 633 «The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is fetched from the nursery and made King» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/633-pg23661-part1/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t7:1
# text = Lionel reckoned he was dreaming, so he bit his tongue, didn't he?
1	Lionel	Lionel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reckoned	reckon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	bit	bite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | past | Lionel |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **dream** | past · progressive | Lionel |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **bite** | past | Lionel | Lionel's tongue |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **do** | past | Lionel |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, to check he was not dreaming, because the news seemed too wonderful to be true

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t7:o1:1
# text = Yeah, to check he was not dreaming, because the news seemed too wonderful to be true
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **dream** | past · progressive | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **seem** | past | the news |  |  |  |  | wonderful *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | the news *not said here* |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, he was sleepy and tired

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t7:o2:1
# text = Nah, he was sleepy and tired
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | sleepy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, to check he was not dreaming

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t7:o3:1
# text = Yeah, to check he was not dreaming
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **dream** | past · progressive | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeah, to see if it hurt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t7:o4:1
# text = Yeah, to see if it hurt
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hurt** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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