---
title: he lost his hanky, the poor little dude, right? — The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beast… · tree and pragmatics
description: he lost his hanky, the poor little dude, right? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 633 «The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is fetched from the nursery and made King» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he lost his hanky, the poor little dude, right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** he · **What happens:** lose · **To what, where:** hanky

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 633 «The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beasts, part 1: Lionel is fetched from the nursery and made King» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/633-pg23661-part1/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t8:1
# text = he lost his hanky, the poor little dude, right?
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hanky	hanky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | he | his hanky and the poor little dude |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hanky=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ran off without his clean one because he was too excited to wait for Nurse to find it

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t8:o1:1
# text = He ran off without his clean one because he was too excited to wait for Nurse to find it
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run off** | past | He |  |  |  |  | without his clean one | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | excited *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **wait** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Nurse | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | Nurse |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He dropped it on the stairs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t8:o2:1
# text = He dropped it on the stairs
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | He | it |  | the stairs |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on stair=Destination |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ran off without his clean one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t8:o3:1
# text = He ran off without his clean one
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run off** | past | He |  |  |  |  | without his clean one | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ran off without his clean one and never went back for it when the coach arrived at the door

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:633-pg23661-part1:t8:o4:1
# text = He ran off without his clean one and never went back for it when the coach arrived at the door
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run off** | past | He |  |  |  |  | without his clean one | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **go back** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for it | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **arrive** | past | the coach |  |  | the door |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beast…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/633-pg23661-part1/t7/)
- next →: [The Book of Dragons, The Book of Beast…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/633-pg23661-part1/t9/)
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