---
title: Why does the song stop at «how very clev——»? — The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does the song stop at «how very clev——»? Test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 64 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Adventures of Toad (the horse-pond, the chase and a face in the bank)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

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# Test 7 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Ad…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does the song stop at «how very clev——»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** do, stop · **To what, where:** song, clev

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 64 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Adventures of Toad (the horse-pond, the chase and a face in the bank)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond:t7:1
# text = Why does the song stop at «how very clev——»?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	clev	clev	X	GW	_	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present |  | the song |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stop** | present |  | clev |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality clev=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sees the Water Rat coming to help

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond:t7:o1:1
# text = He sees the Water Rat coming to help
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | He | the Water Rat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | the Water Rat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive | the Water Rat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is suddenly overcome with shame at his own boasting and wishes he had never sung such a silly song at all

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond:t7:o2:1
# text = He is suddenly overcome with shame at his own boasting and wishes he had never sung such a silly song at all
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boasting	boasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
17	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	20	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | present · passive |  | He |  | his own boasting |  | with shame; suddenly *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **wish** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **sing** *speech: express* | past · perfect | he | such silly song |  | all |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has forgotten the rest of the verse, so he stops singing and decides to make up a new song instead

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond:t7:o3:1
# text = He has forgotten the rest of the verse, so he stops singing and decides to make up a new song instead
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	decides	decide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | present · perfect | He | the rest of the verse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **decide** | present | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **make up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | a new song |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme song=Pivot |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He suddenly sees the chauffeur and policemen running towards him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond:t7:o4:1
# text = He suddenly sees the chauffeur and policemen running towards him
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chauffeur	chauffeur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	policemen	policeman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | He | the chauffeur and policemen |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chauffeur=Stimulus |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | policemen *not said here* |  |  |  |  | towards him *= he* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards he=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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