---
title: By what means was the dragon restrained, according to the passage? — Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and th… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means was the dragon restrained, according to the passage? Exam question 2 of lesson 651 «Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: John finds a dragon in the dungeon and chains it up with his baby as a pledge» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency t
---

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# Exam question 2 · Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: Jo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means was the dragon restrained, according to the passage?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dragon · **What happens:** mean, be, accord

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 651 «Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: John finds a dragon in the dungeon and chains it up with his baby as a pledge» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/651-pg23661-part19/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:651-pg23661-part19:e2:1
# text = By what means was the dragon restrained, according to the passage?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	restrained	restrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the dragon |  |  |  |  | restrain *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a thick iron collar fixed to the wall and a pair of heavy chains

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:651-pg23661-part19:e2:o1:1
# text = By a thick iron collar fixed to the wall and a pair of heavy chains
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	collar	collar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  | a thick iron collar and a pair of heavy chains *not said here* |  |  |  | to the wall | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to wall=Co-Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a collar and a set of chains

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:651-pg23661-part19:e2:o2:1
# text = By a collar and a set of chains
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	collar	collar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a magic amulet, a locked gate, and a sturdy wooden cage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:651-pg23661-part19:e2:o3:1
# text = By a magic amulet, a locked gate, and a sturdy wooden cage
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amulet	amulet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a spell and a locked gate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:651-pg23661-part19:e2:o4:1
# text = By a spell and a locked gate
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and th…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/651-pg23661-part19/e1/)
- next →: [Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and th…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/651-pg23661-part19/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: John finds a dragon in the dungeon and chains it up with his baby as a pledge](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/651-pg23661-part19/)