---
title: Which of the following statements correctly identifies the reason th… — pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, par… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements correctly identifies the reason the shepherd refuses to pronounce the required salutation? Exam question 2 of lesson 665 «pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd defies the king and survives the bear, the wild boars and the scythe pit» of the books c
---

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# Exam question 2 · pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd de…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the reason the shepherd refuses to pronounce the required salutation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** shepherd · **What happens:** follow, identify, refuse, not pronounce, require · **To what, where:** reason, required salutation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 665 «pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd defies the king and survives the bear, the wild boars and the scythe pit» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/665-pg2435-part5/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:665-pg2435-part5:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements correctly identifies the reason the shepherd refuses to pronounce the required salutation?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	correctly	correctly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	identifies	identify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	refuses	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	pronounce	pronounce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **identify** | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | of the following statements; correctly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 3 | **refuse** | present | the shepherd | the reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **pronounce** | to-infinitive | the shepherd *not said here* | the required salutation |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salutation=Theme |
| 5 | **require** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He will not say it until the king pays him gold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:665-pg2435-part5:e2:o1:1
# text = He will not say it until the king pays him gold
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | future | He | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **pay** | present | the king | gold | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient gold=Asset |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He refuses because he wants to keep his cloak warm at night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:665-pg2435-part5:e2:o2:1
# text = He refuses because he wants to keep his cloak warm at night
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refuses	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **want** | present | he |  |  |  | night |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | his cloak |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He will not say it because the king never said thank you

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:665-pg2435-part5:e2:o3:1
# text = He will not say it because the king never said thank you
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | future | He | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present | the king |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He will not utter the phrase until he is granted the princess as his wife

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:665-pg2435-part5:e2:o4:1
# text = He will not utter the phrase until he is granted the princess as his wife
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	utter	utter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	granted	grant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **utter** *speech: other* | future | He | the phrase |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent phrase=Topic |
| 2 | **grant** | present · passive |  | he |  |  |  | as his wife | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal princess=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, par…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/665-pg2435-part5/e3/)
- ↑ back to [pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd defies the king and survives the bear, the wild boars and the scythe pit](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/665-pg2435-part5/)